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81.
82.
Pat M. Fidopiastis Daniel J. Bezdek Michael H. Horn Judith S. Kandel 《Marine Biology》2006,148(3):631-642
The zebraperch, Hermosilla azurea Jenkins and Evermann, a warm-temperate marine fish species with a strictly macroalgal diet, has a relatively long digestive
tract with an enlarged hindgut and an associated blind caecum (HC). In zebraperch sampled off Santa Catalina Island, California
(33°19′42′′N; 118°18′37′′W) in years 1995 through 2001, direct cell counts, gut epithelium assessment of bacterial attachment,
and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analyses verified that the zebraperch HC possesses a dense and morphologically diverse,
fermentative microbiota. Bacterial cell counts and morphological diversity were significantly higher in HC contents compared
to anterior gut regions, suggesting that microbial populations were growing along the digestive tract. Similarly, electron
micrographs of the HC epithelium revealed attached microbes, further supporting the possibility that these organisms constitute
resident microbiota. Five different SCFAs were detected in all three regions of the digestive tract, but levels were up to
three times greater in HC contents. Acetate was consistently the prevailing SCFA in all gut regions. Sequence analysis of
bacterial 16S rDNA was used to identify predominant bacterial groups in HC contents. Of the seven main bacterial types identified,
Enterovibrio spp. were the dominant bacteria in HC contents followed by species of Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium, and Desulfovibrio. Taken together, our findings show that the zebraperch HC harbors a consortium of microbes that appears to assist in the
breakdown of algal polysaccharides in the herbivorous diet of the fish. 相似文献
83.
S. L. Wright C. B. Crawford Judith L. Anderson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1988,23(6):357-365
Summary Female mammals in good condition can maximize their inclusive fitness by investing more in male offspring than in female offspring during periods of poor environmental quality. To test this hypothesis, we measured the effects of undernutrition and crowding before and during gestation on the sex ratio and weight of offspring at parturition and at weaning in Mus domesticus. Sex ratio was not significantly affected by density. Dams altered the sex ratio of their offspring in response to food availability, but only if variance in competitive success within the experimental subpopulation was evident. Thus ad lib fed females produced litters with an unbiased sex ratio, competitively successful females under moderate food availability produced a male-biased sex ratio, and severely food deprived females produced litters with a female-biased sex ratio. In groups that experienced competition for food, successful dams favoured male offspring during lactation. These results are consistent with the predictions of Trivers and Willard (1973). Analysis of within-cell variance and covariance suggests that the interaction of social structure and food availability provides specific cues for the dams' tactical reproductive choices. 相似文献
84.
85.
Alessandro Ghidini MD Shari Fallet Jane Robinowitz Charles J. Lockwood Renate Dische Judith Willner 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(3):163-169
We report a case of chromosomal mosaicism for monosomy 21 revealed in amniotic fluid cell culture. Ultrasound examination at 19 weeks' gestation showed in utero growth retardation and a complex cardiac malformation. A repeated amniocentesis confirmed the presence of monosomy 21 mosaicism. In view of the sonographically detected fetal abnormalities, termination of pregnancy was elected. 相似文献
86.
87.
Christopher Lee Ye Beverly Du Desy Christina Judith Palfrey Edward O'Rourke Myron Belfer 《Disasters》2015,39(1):86-107
Thirty months after the Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December 2004, thousands of families in Aceh Province, Indonesia, remained in temporary barracks while sanitation conditions and non‐governmental organisation support deteriorated. This study sought to determine the factors associated with functional impairment in a sample of 138 displaced and non‐displaced Acehnese children. Using multivariate linear regression models, it was found that displacement distance was a consistent predictor of impairment using the Brief Impairment Scale. Exposure to tsunami‐related trauma markers was not significantly linked with impairment in the model. Paternal employment was a consistent protective factor for child functioning. These findings suggest that post‐disaster displacement and the subsequent familial economic disruption are significant predictors of impaired functioning in children's daily activities. Post‐disaster interventions should consider the disruption of familiar environments for families and children when relocating vulnerable populations to avoid deleterious impacts on children's functioning. 相似文献
88.
Mathilde Lefebvre Fabienne Dufernez Ange-Line Bruel Marie Gonzales Bernard Aral Judith Saint-Onge Nadège Gigot Julie Desir Caroline Daelemans Frédérique Jossic Sébastien Schmitt Raphaele Mangione Fanny Pelluard Catherine Vincent-Delorme Jean-Marc Labaune Nicole Bigi Dominique D'Olne Anne-Lise Delezoide Annick Toutain Sophie Blesson Valérie Cormier-Daire Julien Thevenon Salima El Chehadeh Alice Masurel-Paulet Nicole Joyé Claude Vibert-Guigue Luc Rigonnot Thierry Rousseau Pierre Vabres Philippe Hervé Antonin Lamazière Jean-Baptiste Rivière Laurence Faivre Nicole Laurent Christel Thauvin-Robinet 《黑龙江环境通报》2015,35(7):675-684
89.
Hansen DA Edgerton E Hartsell B Jansen J Burge H Koutrakis P Rogers C Suh H Chow J Zielinska B McMurry P Mulholland J Russell A Rasmussen R 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2006,56(10):1445-1458
Measurements of pollutant gases, airborne particulate matter mass and composition, and meteorology have been made at a core site near downtown Atlanta, GA, since August 1998 in support of the Aerosol Research and Inhalation Epidemiology Study (ARIES). This site is one of eight in the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization network. The measurement objective is to provide a long-term, multivariate dataset suitable for investigating statistical associations of respiratory and cardiovascular disease with airborne particulate matter composition, meteorology, and copollutant gases through epidemiologic modeling. Measurements are expected to continue through 2010. Ancillary multiyear measurements at additional sites in the Atlanta metropolitan area and in short-term exposure assessments have been used to estimate the exposure/measurement error associated with using data from a central site to approximate human exposures for the entire area. To date, 13-, 25-, and 53-month air quality datasets have been used in epidemiologic analyses. 相似文献
90.