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11.
Heidi Ahkola Sirpa Herve Juha Knuutinen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1207-1218
The European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) is an important piece of environmental legislation that protects rivers, lakes, coastal waters and groundwaters (EC 2000). The implementation of the WFD requires the establishment and use of novel and low-cost monitoring programmes, and several methods, e.g. passive sampling, have been developed to make the sampling process more representative compared to spot sampling. This review considers passive sampling methods focusing mainly on a passive sampler named Chemcatcher®, which has been used for monitoring several harmful compounds in aquatic environments. Also, the sample treatment and analysis of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) and nonylphenol (NPs) from water using solid phase extraction (SPE) is briefly summarized. The procedure of Chemcatcher passive sampling is quite similar to that of the SPE extraction since it concentrates the studied compounds from water as well. After sampling, the accumulated substances are extracted from the receiving phase of the sampler. The concentrations of NPEOs and NPs are currently monitored by taking conventional spot samples; SPE can be successfully used as a pretreatment procedure. Chemcatcher® passive sampling technique is a simple and useful monitoring tool and can be applied to new chemicals, such as NPEOs and NPs in aquatic environments. 相似文献
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13.
Hellebaut Anaïs Boisson Sylvain Mahy Grégory 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(54):81210-81221
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is often claimed that green walls (GW) and living wall systems (LWS) have a positive effect on urban air pollution problems if their plants... 相似文献
14.
Anders Mosbech Kasper Lambert Johansen Thomas A. Davidson Martin Appelt Bjarne Grønnow Christine Cuyler Peter Lyngs Janne Flora 《Ambio》2018,47(2):226-243
The little auk is the most numerous seabird in the North Atlantic and its most important breeding area is the eastern shores of the North Water polynya. Here, a population of an estimated 33 million pairs breeds in huge colonies and significantly shapes the ecosystem. Archaeological remains in the colonies document that the little auk has been harvested over millennia. Anthropological research discloses how the little auk has a role both as social engineer and as a significant resource for the Inughuit today. The hunting can be practiced without costly equipment, and has no gender and age discrimination in contrast to the dominant hunt for marine mammals. Little auks are ecological engineers in the sense that they transport vast amounts of nutrients from sea to land, where the nutrients are deposited as guano. Here, the fertilized vegetation provides important foraging opportunities for hares, geese, fox, reindeer, and the introduced muskox. We estimate that the relative muskox density is ten times higher within 1 km of little auk fertilized vegetation hotspots. 相似文献
15.
Jean-Baptiste E. Thomas Jonas Nordström Emma Risén Maria E. Malmström Fredrik Gröndahl 《Ambio》2018,47(4):398-409
Efforts are on the way on the Swedish West Coast to develop the capacity for cultivation of marine resources, notably of kelps. Given that this is a region of great natural and national heritage, public opposition to marine developments has been identified as a possible risk factor. This survey thus sought to shed light on awareness levels, perceptions of different types of aquaculture and on reactions to a scenario depicting future aquaculture developments on the West Coast. When asked about their general opinions of aquaculture, respondents tended to be favourable though a majority chose neutral responses. On the whole, respondents were favourable to the depicted scenario. Finally, it was found that the high-awareness group tended to be more supportive than the low or medium-awareness groups, hinting at the benefits of increasing awareness to reduce public aversion and to support a sustainable development of aquaculture on the Swedish West Coast. 相似文献
16.
Lianou M Chalbot MC Kavouras IG Kotronarou A Karakatsani A Analytis A Katsouyanni K Puustinen A Hameri K Vallius M Pekkanen J Meddings C Harrison RM Ayres JG ten Brick H Kos G Meliefste K de Hartog J Hoek G 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(7):1202-1212
Purpose
The concentrations of PM10 mass, PM2.5 mass and particle number were continuously measured for 18 months in urban background locations across Europe to determine the spatial and temporal variability of particulate matter.Methods
Daily PM10 and PM2.5 samples were continuously collected from October 2002 to April 2004 in background areas in Helsinki, Athens, Amsterdam and Birmingham. Particle mass was determined using analytical microbalances with precision of 1 ??g. Pre- and post-reflectance measurements were taken using smoke-stain reflectometers. One-minute measurements of particle number were obtained using condensation particle counters.Results
The 18-month mean PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations ranged from 15.4 ??g/m3 in Helsinki to 56.7 ??g/m3 in Athens and from 9.0 ??g/m3 in Helsinki to 25.0 ??g/m3 in Athens, respectively. Particle number concentrations ranged from 10,091 part/cm3 in Helsinki to 24,180 part/cm3 in Athens with highest levels being measured in winter. Fine particles accounted for more than 60% of PM10 with the exception of Athens where PM2.5 comprised 43% of PM10. Higher PM mass and number concentrations were measured in winter as compared to summer in all urban areas at a significance level p?0.05.Conclusions
Significant quantitative and qualitative differences for particle mass across the four urban areas in Europe were observed. These were due to strong local and regional characteristics of particulate pollution sources which contribute to the heterogeneity of health responses. In addition, these findings also bear on the ability of different countries to comply with existing directives and the effectiveness of mitigation policies. 相似文献17.
Petra C. Lindholm-Lehto Heidi S. J. Ahkola Juha S. Knuutinen Jaana Koistinen Kirsti Lahti Heli Vahtera Sirpa H. Herve 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(18):18043-18054
The occurrence of five pharmaceuticals, consisting of four anti-inflammatory and one antiepileptic drug, was studied by passive sampling and grab sampling in northern Lake Päijänne and River Vantaa. The passive sampling was performed by using Chemcatcher® sampler with a SDB-RPS Empore disk as a receiving phase. In Lake Päijänne, the sampling was conducted during summer 2013 at four locations near the discharge point of a wastewater treatment plant and in the years 2013 and 2015 at four locations along River Vantaa. The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The concentrations of carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen in Lake Päijänne determined by passive sampling ranged between 1.4–2.9 ng L?1, 15–35 ng L?1, 13–31 ng L?1, 16–27 ng L?1, and 3.3–32 ng L?1, respectively. Similarly, the results in River Vantaa ranged between 1.2–40 ng L?1, 15–65 ng L?1, 13–33 ng L?1, 16–31 ng L?1, and 3.3–6.4 ng L?1. The results suggest that the Chemcatcher passive samplers are suitable for detecting pharmaceuticals in lake and river waters. 相似文献
18.
Mathieu Sicard Frédéric Chevalier Mickaël De Vlechouver Didier Bouchon Pierre Grève Christine Braquart-Varnier 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(9):819-826
Ecological factors modulate animal immunocompetence and potentially shape the evolution of their immune systems. Not only
environmental parameters impact on immunocompetence: Aging is one major cause of variability of immunocompetence between individuals,
and sex-specific levels of immunocompetence have also been frequently described. Moreover, a growing core of data put in light
that vertically transmitted symbionts can dramatically modulate the immunocompetence of their hosts. In this study, we addressed
the influence of gender, age and the feminising endosymbiont Wolbachia (wVulC) on variations in haemocyte density, total PO activity and bacterial load in the haemolymph of the terrestrial isopod
Armadillidium vulgare. This host–symbiont system is of particular interest to address this question since: (1) wVulC was previously shown as immunosuppressive in middle-aged females and (2) wVulC influences sex determination. We show that age, gender and Wolbachia modulate together immune parameters in A. vulgare. However, wVulC, which interacts with aging, appears to be the prominent factor interfering with both PO activity and haemocyte density.
This interference with immune parameters is not the only aspect of wVulC virulence on its host, as reproduction and survival are also altered. 相似文献
19.
Pienkoß Fabian Abis Marco Bruno Martina Grönholm Raul Hoppe Michel Kuchta Kerstin Fiore Silvia Simon Franz-Georg 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(1):364-377
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This work is aimed at exploring the recovery of heavy metals from the fine fraction of solid waste incineration bottom ash. For this study,... 相似文献
20.