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61.
Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas Dariusz Jakubas Julien Foucher Joanna Dziarska-Pałac Hubert Dugué 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2013,100(11):1095-1098
Relatively little attention has been paid to sex differences in the migration of birds in autumn. We studied the autumn migration strategy of molecularly sexed males and females in the globally threatened aquatic warbler Acrocephalus paludicola. We captured 176 birds at a stopover site in the Loire estuary at Donges, France. The median date for the passage of adults was 8 days earlier in males than females, although the timing of migration in first-year males and females was similar. This indicates that males, who are without parental duties, can start their migration earlier than females and first-year birds. Adults were significantly heavier than immature birds but did not have higher fat scores. In both age categories, more males (two to three times more) were captured. However, various factors (including tape-luring) can affect observed sex ratio. 相似文献
62.
Scent-marking is a frequent behaviour of highly social ground squirrels and might play an important role in their social dynamics.
Female Columbian ground squirrels exhibit considerable scent-marking during the reproductive period. We examined how gestating
and lactating females responded to jugal gland scent-marks of same-sexed and opposite-sexed conspecifics with attention to
genetic relatedness and the geographical location of the territory of individuals. We tested the dear-enemy, threat-level
and kin-discrimination hypotheses to explain patterns of scent-marking. Females sniffed the scent of non-neighbouring males
significantly longer than other types of scent categories and tended to over mark the scent of females more than the scent
of males. Furthermore, females sniffed significantly longer at scents during gestation than during lactation. We concluded
that scent-marking mainly functioned in the defence of female territories and for protection of pups against infanticidal
females (threat-level hypothesis). Our results were also in accordance with the kin-discrimination hypothesis, because greater
attention was paid to the marks of non-kin females. Kin females might not pose an infanticidal threat, perhaps explaining
greater tolerance among related reproductive females. We concluded that scent-marking may be a relatively low-cost means of
territorial defence, as well as a means of communication of aspects of individual identity. 相似文献
63.
Julien Saada Anne-Gaëlle Grebille Marie-Cécile Aubry Arash Rafii Yves Dumez Alexandra Benachi 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(8):627-630
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder with an incidence of 1/15 000. More than 90% of CAH cases result from mutations of CYP21, leading to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. In its classical form, CAH is severe and consists of the virilizing (increase of androgens) and salt-wasting (lack of aldosterone) phenotype. When a proband exists, early prenatal diagnosis for CAH can be performed by direct molecular analysis in the first trimester. We describe herein two cases suggesting that the prenatal diagnosis of CAH can be initiated by the sonographic appearance of the adrenal gland at the second-trimester scan in the absence of a family history. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
64.
In an attempt to better understand the mechanism underlying lateral collision avoidance in flying insects, we trained honeybees
(Apis mellifera) to fly through a large (95-cm wide) flight tunnel. We found that, depending on the entrance and feeder positions, honeybees
would either center along the corridor midline or fly along one wall. Bees kept following one wall even when a major (150-cm
long) part of the opposite wall was removed. These findings cannot be accounted for by the “optic flow balance” hypothesis
that has been put forward to explain the typical bees’ “centering response” observed in narrower corridors. Both centering
and wall-following behaviors are well accounted for, however, by a control scheme called the lateral optic flow regulator, i.e., a feedback system that strives to maintain the unilateral optic flow constant. The power of this control scheme is
that it would allow the bee to guide itself visually in a corridor without having to measure its speed or distance from the
walls. 相似文献
65.
Changes in agricultural land use are responsible for significant modifications in mountain landscapes. This study is part
of an interdisciplinary research on the processes and consequences of spontaneous afforestation of Pyrenean landscapes by
ash, and the possibilities for its management. We address the relationships between vegetation dynamics and land-use change
from the combination of an agricultural study of change in farm management and an ecological study of grassland colonization
by ash. In the framework of a village case study, we characterized parcels management and land-use histories, and analyzed
the dynamics of the composition of grassland vegetation communities. From a joint analysis of the results obtained in each
discipline, we discuss the limitations and complementarities of the two approaches for the interdisciplinary assessment of
the afforestation process. 相似文献
66.
Bernard Guyot Anne Bazin Yvette Sole Christophe Julien Fernand Daffos François Forestier 《黑龙江环境通报》1988,8(7):485-493
We have used a Y-chromosome specific DNA probe in a controlled study to determine the presence of Y-chromosome material and to detect numerical abnormalities in uncultured amniotic fluid cells by fluorescent hybridization. Using this non-radioactive method, we correctly predicted fetal sex within 48 h in all but 3 of 54 cases and identified an XYY syndrome. The technique was previously tested with no false-positive or false-negative results on cultured interphase or metaphase nuclei of fetal fibroblasts and adult T-lymphocytes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was applied to long-term fixed cytogenetic preparations up to 44 months old and was shown to be reliable. 相似文献
67.
Takayuki Miura Julien Schaeffer Jean-Claude Le Saux Philippe Le Mehaute Françoise S. Le Guyader 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(2):176-186
We investigated removal of noroviruses, sapoviruses, and rotaviruses in a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) plant by monitoring virus concentrations in wastewater samples during two gastroenteritis seasons and evaluating the adsorption of viruses to mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS). Sapoviruses and rotaviruses were detected in 25% of MBR effluent samples with log reduction values of 3- and 2-logs in geometric mean concentrations, respectively, while noroviruses were detected in only 6% of the samples. We found that norovirus and sapovirus concentrations in the solid phase of mixed liquor samples were significantly higher than in the liquid phase (P < 0.01, t test), while the concentration of rotaviruses was similar in both phases. The efficiency of adsorption of the rotavirus G1P[8] strain to MLSS was significantly less than norovirus GI.1 and GII.4 and sapovirus GI.2 strains (P < 0.01, t test). Differences in the adsorption of viruses to MLSS may cause virus type-specific removal during the MBR treatment process as shown by this study. 相似文献
68.
Small Auchenorrhyncha use substrate-borne vibrations to communicate. Although this behaviour is well known in adult leafhoppers, so far no studies have been published on nymphs. Here we checked the occurrence of vibrational communication in Scaphoideus titanus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) nymphs as a possible explanation of their aggregative distributions on host plants. We studied possible vibratory emissions of isolated and grouped nymphs, as well as their behavioural responses to vibration stimuli that simulated presence of conspecifics, to disturbance noise, white noise and predator spiders. None of our synthetic stimuli or pre-recorded substrate vibrations from nymphs elicited specific vibration responses and only those due to grooming or mechanical contacts of the insect with the leaf were recorded. Thus, S. titanus nymphs showed to not use species-specific vibrations neither for intra- nor interspecific communication and also did not produce alarm vibrations when facing potential predators. We conclude that their aggregative behaviour is independent from a vibrational communication. 相似文献
69.
In studying the ant genus Azteca, a Neotropical group of arboreal species, we aimed to determine the extent to which the ants use predation and/or aggressiveness to protect their host plants from defoliating insects. We compared a territorially dominant, carton-nester, Azteca chartifex, and three plant-ant species. Azteca alfari and Azteca ovaticeps are associated with the myrmecophyte Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) and their colonies shelter in its hollow branches; whereas Azteca bequaerti is associated with Tococa guianensis (Melastomataceae) and its colonies shelter in leaf pouches situated at the base of the laminas. Whereas A. bequaerti workers react to the vibrations transmitted by the lamina when an alien insect lands on a leaf making it unnecessary for them to patrol their plant, the workers of the three other species rather discover prey by contact. The workers of all four species use a predatory behaviour involving spread-eagling alien insects after recruiting nestmates at short range, and, in some cases, at long range. Because A. alfari and A. ovaticeps discard part of the insects they kill, we deduced that the workers' predatory behaviour and territorial aggressiveness combine in the biotic defence of their host tree. 相似文献
70.
Jari Syväranta Julien Cucherousset Dorothée Kopp Aurélia Martino Régis Céréghino Frédéric Santoul 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(5):631-635
Many anadromous fish species, when migrating from the sea to spawn in fresh waters, can potentially be a valuable prey for
larger predatory fish, thereby efficiently linking these two ecosystems. Here, we assess the contribution of anadromous fish
to the diet of European catfish (Silurus glanis) in a large river system (Garonne, southwestern France) using stable isotope analysis and allis shad (Alosa alosa) as an example of anadromous fish. Allis shad caught in the Garonne had a very distinct marine δ13C value, over 8‰ higher after lipid extraction compared to the mean δ13C value of all other potential freshwater prey fish. The δ13C values of European catfish varied considerably between these two extremes and some individuals were clearly specializing
on freshwater prey, whereas others specialized on anadromous fish. The mean contribution of anadromous fish to the entire
European catfish population was estimated to be between 53% and 65%, depending on the fractionation factor used for δ13C. 相似文献