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11.
Maternal serum unconjugated oestriol (uE3) was measured in 15 375 pregnancies during 2 years of second-trimester risk assessment for Down syndrome using biochemical markers. Very low levels of uE3 (<0·1 MOM) were detected in 22 serum samples (0·14 per cent). Very low uE3 was associated with an adverse outcome in 13 pregnancies including fetal death and miscarriage (N=11), anencephaly (N=1), and Meckel—Gruber syndrome (N=1). Dry scales on the skin appeared in the first year of life in four boys. From dermatological diagnosis, prenatal uE3 levels, and pedigree analysis, it is concluded that at least 5 in approximately 7500 male births in the study population are affected by steroid sulphatase deficiency, which is the biochemical defect in X-linked ichthyosis. Very low uE3 levels in the second trimester are indicative of this disease in pregnancies with normal ultrasound findings. 相似文献
12.
Occurrence of spruce bark beetles in forest stands at different levels of air pollution stress 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Grodzki W McManus M Knízek M Meshkova V Mihalciuc V Novotny J Turcani M Slobodyan Y 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,130(1):73-83
The spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.) is the most serious pest of mature spruce stands, mainly Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. throughout Eurasia. A complex of weather-related events and other environmental stresses are reported to predispose spruce stands to bark beetle attack and subsequent tree mortality; however the possible role of industrial pollution as a predisposing factor to attack by this species is poorly understood. The abundance and dynamics of I. typographus populations was evaluated in 60-80 year old Norway spruce stands occurring on 10 x 50 ha sites in five countries within the Carpathian range that were selected in proximity to established ozone measurement sites. Data were recorded on several parameters including the volume of infested trees, captures of adult beetles in pheromone traps, number of attacks, and the presence and relative abundance of associated bark beetle species. In several cases, stands adjacent to sites with higher ozone values were associated with higher bark beetle populations. The volume of sanitary cuttings, a reflection of tree mortality, and the mean daily capture of beetles in pheromone traps were significantly higher at sites where the O(3) level was higher. However, the mean infestation density on trees was higher in plots associated with lower O(3) levels. Captures of beetles in pheromone traps and infestation densities were higher in the zone above 800 m. However, none of the relationships was conclusive, suggesting that spruce bark beetle dynamics are driven by a complex interaction of biotic and abiotic factors and not by a single parameter such as air pollution. 相似文献
13.
Miroslava Pozgajova Alica Navratilova Julius Arvay Hana Duranova Anna Trakovicka 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(2):166-173
AbstractToxicity of heavy metals to living organisms is a worldwide research topic. Although, much has been discovered about cadmium and nickel impact on biological systems, a lot still remains unclear. We used inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectroscopy to address the question of the effect of two different heavy metals nickel, and cadmium on intracellular ion balance. Increase or decrease of the content of several essential cations including Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was determined. Our results revealed that the cell exposure to high nickel and cadmium concentrations led to significant elevation of Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ levels in the yeast cell, while the content of K+ decreased. Correlation analyses showing in the presence of nickel and cadmium strong positive correlation among each tested element (Ca2+, Na+, Cu2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+) except for K+, demonstrate the significant impact of heavy metal treatment to ion homeostasis of the cell. Our data indicate that acute nickel and cadmium contamination leads to substantial ionome misbalance in yeast. 相似文献
14.
Julius Bartels 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1946,33(5):140-149
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Rizaldi Boer Upik R. Wasrin Perdinan Hendri Bambang D. Dasanto Willy Makundi Julius Hero M. Ridwan Nur Masripatin 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(6):1169-1188
Rehabilitation of degraded forest land through implementation of carbon-sink projects can increase terrestrial carbon (C)
stock. However, carbon emissions outside the project boundary, which is commonly referred to as leakage, may reduce or negate
the sequestration benefits. This study assessed leakage from carbon-sink projects that could potentially be implemented in
the study area comprised of 11 sub-districts in the Batanghari District, Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. The study estimates
the probability of a given land use/cover being converted into other uses/cover, by applying a logit model. The predictor
variables were: proximity to the center of the land use area, distance to transportation channel (road or river), area of
agricultural land, unemployment (number of job seekers), job opportunities, population density and income. Leakage was estimated
by analyzing with and without carbon-sink projects scenarios. Most of the predictors were estimated as being significant in
their contribution to land use cover change. The results of the analysis show that leakage in the study area can be large
enough to more than offset the project’s carbon sequestration benefits during the period 2002–2012. However, leakage results
are very sensitive to changes of carbon density of the land uses in the study area. By reducing C-density of lowland and hill
forest by about 10% for the baseline scenario, the leakage becomes positive. Further data collection and refinement is therefore
required. Nevertheless, this study has demonstrated that regional analysis is a useful approach to assess leakage. 相似文献
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Aušrinė Armaitienė Vadim L. Boldyrev Ramūnas Povilanskas Julius Taminskas 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2007,11(1):13-22
The varied and very dynamic landscape with a high biological diversity is a distinctive feature of the Curonian spit at the
regional scale. Throughout the 20th century the main morphodynamic trend in the littoral of the Curonian spit was shoreline
grading on the lagoon side, whereas on the marine side the increasing erosion at the foot of the spit, and increasing accretion
at the head of the spit prevailed. The results of a discriminant analysis (Wilkes’ λ = 0.001626 and F = 29.267 when p < 0.001) show that sites with prevailing erosion, accretion and sediment input from the drifting dunes form regular inter-related
spatial structures in the littoral with distinctive resulting discontinuities of the sediment drift along the lagoon coast.
Dune littoral cells are characterized by Aeolian sediment input and distribution ‘down-drift’, (usually northwards) from the
source. The most likely changes in the current development trends of the lagoon shore zone of the Curonian spit are related
to expected climate changes and further slowing down of the dune drift. The probability of storms and ice-drift events, and
their impact on coasts is expected to increase as a result of climate change. The dune advance will gradually slow down, and
with it, the sand input to the coastal zone will decline. In this paper, we define integrated shoreline management as a system
of long-term shoreline management measures, which is based on a littoral cell approach and aimed at harmonizing human activity
in the coastal zone with the natural development of the shoreline. We propose an integrated management program for the lagoon
shoreline of the Curonian spit, which is site-specific for each littoral cell as a coastal management unit. Drifting dunes
and seaside beaches are the natural amenities, which are best known and best appreciated on the Curonian spit by 49% of the
respondents representing the total Lithuanian population. A responsible tourism development should be considered as the key
means for proper appreciation of the drifting dunes and natural coasts by society, which means to acknowledge and cherish
the aesthetic and conservation values of dune and coastal landscapes of the Curonian spit as a World Heritage Site. There
are at least two pre-conditions for this: (1) to provide visitors with sufficient information about diverse values and functions
of the Curonian dunes and coasts within a broader regional and global heritage conservation context; (2) to enable tourists
to enjoy the most impressive dune and coastal landscapes at close range. In this paper we propose to encourage active dune
tourism, to reintroduce grazing into the Curonian dune areas, to restore and to preserve the most impressive landscapes of
the highest white drifting dunes by bringing the blown out sand from the leeward foot of the dunes back to the crest artificially. 相似文献
20.
Nsajig wa E.Mbije Gregory M.Wagner Julius Francis Marcus C.Ohman Kajsa Garpe 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2002,31(8)
东非珊瑚礁的特点是它位于一个离散的动物地理学分区[1],具有经由赤道流接纳和重新分配偏远的种属物质的潜在重要性[2].尽管如此,该地区仍然是世界上研究最少的地区之一.例如,在坦桑尼亚,尽管珊瑚礁是众多的人赖以为生的重要自然资源,却没有受到应有的重视和研究[3~5].为数不多的研究定量分析过坦桑尼亚的珊瑚礁结构[6~13],而且大部分只是限于对一些礁砰进行基线研究. 相似文献