上海沿海六区县自然灾害脆弱性评价

沿海城市在全球发展中具有重要的战略地位,然而特殊的地理位置和高度集中的人口及财富也决定了其面临灾害时具有较高的脆弱性,即同等灾害强度下,沿海城市遭遇自然灾害时的人口伤亡更多,经济损失更大。从灾害系统承灾体的角度,分析了影响灾害脆弱性的五个方面,顺应脆弱性评价定量化的趋势,依据一定的原则,不分灾种,面对区域和人群,选取代表性指标尝试构建了沿海城市自然灾害脆弱性的指标评价体系,利用AHP法对该区域相应指标的权重进行了确定,建立了脆弱性模型,并在收集和标准化数据的基础上,对上海沿海六区县进行了脆弱性评价,并对各个地区的区域脆弱性、人群脆弱性和整体脆弱性进行对比分析,为灾害管理提供理论依据。同时,通过评价结论,总结了沿海城市的自然灾害脆弱性特点,并为上海市降低脆弱性、减轻自然灾害影响提供对策建议。     

苏通大桥结构健康状态评估技术研究与应用(2):主梁损伤预警

为了建立"环境因素归一化"的苏通大桥主梁损伤预警方法,本文对苏通大桥主梁240天的小波包能量谱与温度实测数据进行了季节相关性研究。分析结果表明,苏通大桥主梁的小波包能量谱与温度具有明显的季节相关性,其特征频带能量比的日平均值,随着温度的季节变化在一年中可以发生平均约200%的变化。在此基础上,采用6次多项式模型对小波包能量谱—温度进行了统计建模,并采用均值控制图法对特征频带能量比的异常变化进行了统计模式识别。结果表明,运用本文方法可以有效地消除温度的季节变化对斜拉桥实测小波包能量谱的影响,较好地识别出结构损伤引起的特征频带能量比10%的异常变化,适合于苏通大桥主梁的实时在线监测。     

苏通大桥结构健康状态评估技术研究与应用(3):主梁损伤定位

为提高基于模态参数的损伤识别方法的损伤敏感性和噪声鲁棒性,将多源数据融合技术引入到苏通大桥主梁损伤定位方法中。基于D-S证据理论对模态柔度和模态应变能指标进行数据融合,并以苏通大桥扁平钢箱梁为分析对象,对融合后损伤定位指标的应用效果进行了讨论。结果表明:基于数据融合的损伤定位方法具有较强的损伤敏感性,只需要较少的低阶模态信息就能识别主梁的早期损伤;数据融合后,损伤定位指标可以在较强的噪声环境下准确地识别斜拉桥钢箱梁的损伤,具有较好的工程实用性。     

基于能量合成法的塔式结构刚度识别研究

在Rayleigh能量法和Southwell's频率合成法的基础上,将结构的振动基频表示为由各变形元和惯性元组成的子系统频率的合成,其中变形元为结构的弯曲变形和剪切变形,惯性元为结构的分布质量和塔顶附加质量。通过选取满足边界条件的挠度函数,建立了底部固定、顶端带有附加质量的塔式结构基频与刚度的关系,因此可通过测量结构的振动基频识别出塔式结构的抗弯刚度和抗剪刚度。以某钢塔为计算实例,采用该算法推导出了结构振动基频与弹性模量的关系,只要知道截面的几何尺寸和材料性质,便可快速识别出各截面的刚度。有限元空间建模计算结果证明了本文提出的算法具有较高精度。该方法适合底部固定的塔式结构,可为复杂空间塔式结构使用状态的监测与评估提供参考。     

Biological removal of air loaded with a hydrogen sulfide and ammonia mixture

The nuisance impact of air pollutant emissions from wastewater pumping stations is a major issue of concern to China. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are commonly the primary odor and are important targets for removal. An alternative control technology, biofiltration, was studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of unit systems packed with compost in terms of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions treatment, and to establish optimal operating conditions for a full-scale conceptual design. The laboratory scale biofilter packed with compost was continuously supplied with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas mixtures. A volumetric load of less than 150 gH2S/(m^3.d) and 230 gNH3/(m^3.d) was applied for about fifteen weeks. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia elimination occurred in the biofilter simultaneously. The removal efficiency, removal capacity and removal kinetics in the biofilter were studied. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency reached was very high above 99%, and ammonia removal efficiency was about 80%. Hydrogen sulfide was oxidized into sulphate. The ammonia oxidation products were nitrite and nitrate. Ammonia in the biofilter was mainly removed by adsorption onto the carrier material and by absorption into the water fraction of the carrier material. High percentages of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia were oxidized in the first section of the column. Through kinetics analysis, the presence of ammonia did not hinder the hydrogen sulfide removal. According to the relationship between pressure drop and gas velocity for the biofilter and Reynolds number, non-Darcy flow can be assumed to represent the flow in the medium.     

Experimental study on pollutant movement in surf zone

The experiments on pollutant movement in surf zone were conducted on the two gentle beaches(with slope of 1:100 and 1:40, respectively), for diverse wave cases. The movement contours and direction of pollutants, under the action of regular and random waves with diverse wave amplitudes, were provided and studied in this paper. It was shown that, due to complicated hydrodynamics in surf zone, the pollutant movement state is quite complicated and different from that in pure current zone.     

低压下近熄灭极限区域纸火蔓延实验研究

对低压下的近熄灭极限区域水平纸火蔓延进行了实验研究。通过降低环境压力和氧气浓度,确定了水平纸火蔓延的着火极限,并得出了在极限氧气浓度条件下的火蔓延速度变化规律。在相同氧气浓度下(43%)进行了不同压力的水平纸火蔓延实验。结果表明,火蔓延速度在近熄灭极限区域内非线性增加,通过比较分析前人火蔓延速度实验结果,确定了火蔓延近熄灭极限区域和线性增长区域的分界压力值。此外,得出了压力分界处的火焰变化特征,并根据火焰图像与理论分析,得出了不同区域内的火蔓延传热机制。     

Physicochemical interaction and its influence on deep bed filtration process

The capillary model was used to analyze the hydraulic conditions in the deep bed filtration process. The physicochemical interaction forces between the filter media and suspended particles and their influence on deep bed filtration process were also studied theoretically. Through the comparison of the hydraulic and physicochemical forces, the key influencing factors on the filtration process were proposed and investigated. Pilot study of the microflocculation deep bed filtration was carried out in the No. 9 Potable Water Treatment Plant of Beijing, and the experimental results of hydraulic head loss, particle distribution and entrapment were presented. The theoretical prediction was reasonably consistent with the experimental results under different conditions, which indicated that the regulation and control of micro-flocculation and deep bed filtration could be realized by the evaluation of the physicochemical interactions. Further theoretical and experimental research should be carried out to investigate the interaction mechanism and its application in the deep bed filtration and other cases.     

煤矿独头巷道受限贴附射流数值计算及结果分析

独头巷道压入式通风的风筒一般布置在独头巷道的侧壁,风筒出口的位置在巷道侧壁的中部,与迎头保持一定的最小距离。根据现场实际情况,同时为了便于分析,通过建立独头巷道受限贴附射流通风物理模型,确定边界条件和网格划分,进行数值计算,得到流场等值线图,表明了贴附射流的形成过程,并对其结果进行分析。     

给水厂污泥制高强陶粒技术研究

对天津凌庄自来水厂的污泥成分进行了分析,在此基础上根据焙烧陶粒的原理,设计了以给水厂污泥为原料焙烧陶粒的工艺流程。通过实验,研究了其工艺过程中的影响因素并确定了工艺参数。对性能良好的陶粒进行了性能检验,认为以给水厂污泥为原料烧制陶粒的处置方法可行,并能带来一定的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。得到的产品符合国标中高强陶粒的要求,可广泛应用于建筑行业中的承重结构。