GC/MS/MS法结合SPME进样测定饮用水中亚硝胺类化合物

本文利用岛津公司GCMS-TQ8050 NX三重四极杆气质联用仪以及AOC-6000自动进样器的SPME Arrow功能,建立了一种饮用水中亚硝胺类化合物的测定方法.水样经固相微萃取方式萃取后采用多反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测.11种亚硝胺类化合物在线性范围内线性关系良好,标准曲线相关系数(R) ＞0.999,检出限...     

改性Ti/SnO2-Sb电极催化降解1,4-二氯苯废水试验研究

采用聚合物前驱体法制备了未掺杂、掺杂Cu、掺杂Bi、掺杂Ni的4种Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极,运用SEM和XRD分析电极表面形貌及结构,通过线性极化扫描、循环伏安等测试考察其电化学性能,同时进行1,4二氯苯(p-DCB)降解实验进一步探究电极的电催化氧化特性.SEM和XRD结果表明,掺杂金属可改善电极表面形貌,增大其比表面积;电化学测试表明,Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极的析氧电位并未因金属掺杂而有明显改变,掺杂金属后,Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极具有更优的电催化活性和稳定性.p-DCB降解实验表明,改性Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极对p-DCB的降解效率明显提高,其中Ti/Sn O2-Sb-Cu电极的电催化处理效果最优,电解2 h后p-DCB的去除率即达到87.6%,且p-DCB的降解反应遵循一级反应动力学规律.     

Biological removal of air loaded with a hydrogen sulfide and ammonia mixture

The nuisance impact of air pollutant emissions from wastewater pumping stations is a major issue of concern to China. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are commonly the primary odor and are important targets for removal. An alternative control technology, biofiltration, was studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of unit systems packed with compost in terms of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions treatment, and to establish optimal operating conditions for a full-scale conceptual design. The laboratory scale biofilter packed with compost was continuously supplied with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas mixtures. A volumetric load of less than 150 gH2S/(m^3.d) and 230 gNH3/(m^3.d) was applied for about fifteen weeks. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia elimination occurred in the biofilter simultaneously. The removal efficiency, removal capacity and removal kinetics in the biofilter were studied. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency reached was very high above 99%, and ammonia removal efficiency was about 80%. Hydrogen sulfide was oxidized into sulphate. The ammonia oxidation products were nitrite and nitrate. Ammonia in the biofilter was mainly removed by adsorption onto the carrier material and by absorption into the water fraction of the carrier material. High percentages of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia were oxidized in the first section of the column. Through kinetics analysis, the presence of ammonia did not hinder the hydrogen sulfide removal. According to the relationship between pressure drop and gas velocity for the biofilter and Reynolds number, non-Darcy flow can be assumed to represent the flow in the medium.     

Experimental study on pollutant movement in surf zone

The experiments on pollutant movement in surf zone were conducted on the two gentle beaches(with slope of 1:100 and 1:40, respectively), for diverse wave cases. The movement contours and direction of pollutants, under the action of regular and random waves with diverse wave amplitudes, were provided and studied in this paper. It was shown that, due to complicated hydrodynamics in surf zone, the pollutant movement state is quite complicated and different from that in pure current zone.     

低压下近熄灭极限区域纸火蔓延实验研究

对低压下的近熄灭极限区域水平纸火蔓延进行了实验研究。通过降低环境压力和氧气浓度,确定了水平纸火蔓延的着火极限,并得出了在极限氧气浓度条件下的火蔓延速度变化规律。在相同氧气浓度下(43%)进行了不同压力的水平纸火蔓延实验。结果表明,火蔓延速度在近熄灭极限区域内非线性增加,通过比较分析前人火蔓延速度实验结果,确定了火蔓延近熄灭极限区域和线性增长区域的分界压力值。此外,得出了压力分界处的火焰变化特征,并根据火焰图像与理论分析,得出了不同区域内的火蔓延传热机制。     

Physicochemical interaction and its influence on deep bed filtration process

The capillary model was used to analyze the hydraulic conditions in the deep bed filtration process. The physicochemical interaction forces between the filter media and suspended particles and their influence on deep bed filtration process were also studied theoretically. Through the comparison of the hydraulic and physicochemical forces, the key influencing factors on the filtration process were proposed and investigated. Pilot study of the microflocculation deep bed filtration was carried out in the No. 9 Potable Water Treatment Plant of Beijing, and the experimental results of hydraulic head loss, particle distribution and entrapment were presented. The theoretical prediction was reasonably consistent with the experimental results under different conditions, which indicated that the regulation and control of micro-flocculation and deep bed filtration could be realized by the evaluation of the physicochemical interactions. Further theoretical and experimental research should be carried out to investigate the interaction mechanism and its application in the deep bed filtration and other cases.     

实现我国环保产业升级和跨越式发展的对策

本文分析了我国环保产业的现状及存在的问题 ,从环保产业市场的培育、实现环保产业的升级和跨越式发展提出了发展对策的建议     

上、下悬窗阻风能力对比研究

环境风会改变排烟窗附近的烟气流向和速度,影响建筑内烟气流动,进而导致建筑自然排烟效率受到影响。采用数值模拟方法,对比研究了排烟窗开启角度和环境风对上、下悬窗阻风能力的影响,分析了不同开窗角度下,悬窗进风量和进风区域随开窗角度和风速的变化规律。结果表明:上、下悬窗相对进风量与开窗角度均成指数关系,但上悬窗阻风能力弱于下悬窗,上悬窗开窗角度大于45°后即失去阻风能力,而下悬窗开窗角度大于75°后才逐渐失去阻风能力,且开窗角度小于30°时,下悬窗至少能比上悬窗多减少50%空气进入室内。上悬窗开窗角度小于56°时,主要进风区域为近窗下侧水平区域;下悬窗开窗角度小于30°时,主要进风区域为窗体两侧及远窗下侧竖直区域,随着开窗角度增大,上、下悬窗主要进风区域均过渡到远窗下侧竖直区域。窗体用于日常通风时建议优选上悬窗。若要用于排烟,则应首选下悬窗,开窗角度15°即可满足阻风要求,若选用上悬窗,开窗角度不宜大于45°。     

温度分层环境下火灾烟气羽流上升高度公式分析

对小尺度空间温度分层环境下柴油有焰火及棉绳阴燃火烟气运动进行了实验和数值模拟.结果表明,在分层环境下,烟气与环境空气温度差造成的浮力在某一高度消失并转为负值,致使烟气停止上升而向横向扩展.Morton积分公式低估了烟气羽流上升的最大高度,且在相同出口条件及分层环境下,柴油烟雾比棉绳烟雾下降趋势快,上升高度小,其原因在于积分公式中自相似卷吸及烟气为空气假设.引入烟气密度修正系数和自相似修正系数,对Morton公式进行了修正和讨论.     

湖北省榉树自然种群分布研究

对湖北省天然榉树的自然种群分布现状、种群特征及种群分布格局进行了研究。结果表明：湖北榉树资源主要分布在海拔500~1 000 m地带,不同程度地分割包围在谷底和山腰,地理分布点呈收缩集群分布,种群规模较小;采用方差/均值法对榉树地理分布格局类型进行分析,其值=1.66>1,表明其分布点的地理分布趋于集群分布。湖北榉树种群星散间隔的地理分布形式,使地理分布点间产生空间间隔,成为相互间基因交错的障碍,而较小的种群规模,增加了遗传漂变的机率,导致遗传上的不稳定性增加,影响种群的生存能力,这些是导致物种趋向濒危的重要原因。湖北榉树种群这种分布现状产生的原因,一方面是物种自身的生物学特性及对生境的特定要求所致,另一方面是由于人类对榉树资源的过度开发利用以及人类经济活动导致的生境片段化。应借助于人为帮助,改善生态环境,扩大其种群规模,促进不同种群之间的基因交流,以利保护。