Water Network Synthesis Using Mutation-Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization

Different techniques for the synthesis of industrial water reuse/recycle networks have been developed in recent process integration research. These tools range from graphical pinch analysis approaches to mathematical programming models. The latter have the advantage of being flexible enough to incorporate various water network constraints, but in many cases these are often non-linear, thus making the identification of global optima difficult. Recent work has demonstrated the effectiveness of metaheuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), for finding good solutions these problems. This work describes the use of a modified PSO for solving mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) models for water network synthesis. By incorporating a mutation operator for the binary variables in the model, the algorithm is able to escape sub-optimal network topologies and proceed towards better solutions than can be found with ordinary PSO. Two case studies involving water recycle/reuse are used to demonstrate the new design methodology.     

高速微涡活性污泥法提高氧利用效率的研究

概述了高速微涡活性污泥法的工艺特点，并对该法提高氧的转移及利用效率进行了研究和机理分析。     

海河干流、大沽排污河沉积物中有机氯农药的残留状况

调查了海河干流和大沽排污河沉积物中持久性有机氯杀虫剂(OCPs)的残留状况.在所选取的16个断面沉积物样品中均有大量HCHs、DDTs检出,表明海河和大沽排污河的DDT和HCH污染相当严重.海河沉积物中HCHs和DDTs总质量浓度分别为3.30～75.96、1.57～221.57 ng/g.大沽排污河沉积物中HCHs和DDTs的残留量分别为2.30～124.61、11.28～237.30ng/g.与国内外部分河流表层沉积物中HCHs、DDTs的含量相比,海河和大沽排污河沉积物中有机氯农药含量较高.最后根据两条河流沉积物中的OCPs的残留量,分析了其可能的污染源.     

日本二噁英减排控制的历程、经验与启示

二噁英减排控制是《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》的重要任务,是履行公约义务的难点.对日本二噁英减排控制20年来的实践历程进行了回顾和分析,总结出了其协调管理机制设立、法律法规标准建立、监测能力建设以及宣传教育等八个方面的成功经验,对中国二噁英减排控制工作有重要的借鉴意义.     

曝气生物滤池处理焦化废水脱氮的研究

用曝气生物滤池处理焦化废水的研究表明,在曝气量(Q)=0.25L/min,温度(T)=20℃,pH=8,反冲洗周期为3个运行周期内,NH3-N的去除速率达44 mg/L·h.同时在滤池中出现了亚硝酸盐积累现象,且受反冲洗的影响较大.     

骆马湖水体氮污染特征分析

2005年通过对骆马湖水质监测，并结合近几年的监测资料进行了分析，结果表明，氮是骆马湖水体的主要污染物，包括总氮、氨氮和硝酸盐氮，其主要特征是入湖河流、降水、围网养殖和点源带来的污染。     

TA高效降解菌株培养基的优化

对TA高效降解菌株的生长培养基进行了5因素2水平标准的正交设计，考察了碳源（精对苯二甲酸PTA）、氮源（NH4Cl）、磷源（K2HPO4）、生长因子（MgSO4、FeSO4、CaCl2的混合物）和酵母膏对菌体生长的影响。并与肉汤培养基相对照，得到TA高效降解菌株生长培养基为：PTA10g／L；NH4Cl 0．5g／L；K2HPO4 0．1g／L；生长因子（MgSO4 0．1g／L，FeSO4 0．01g／L，CaCl2 0．01g／L的混合物）；Y．E2．5g／L。     

靖江市发展循环经济的实践与思考

介绍了靖江市在发展循环经济工作中取得的成绩和存在的问题，并提出了拟采取的措施。     

Analysis of regional and temporal characteristics of PM10 during an Asian dust episode in Korea

This study analyzes the regional and temporal distributions of PM10 concentrations observed in major metropolitan cities in Korea before, during and after a recent Asian dust episode in 2002. There were spatial and temporal variations in PM10 concentrations among the mid-western, the southwestern, the southeastern, and the southern parts of Korea during this Asian dust period due to the different air mass movement time and the different wind directions and speeds of prevailing winds in each city or region. The origins of the three-day Asian dust episode were identified by an analysis of two-day backward isentropic air trajectories. The different origins for each day also significantly contributed to the spatial and temporal variations in PM10 concentrations. A significant relationship was found between PM10 concentrations on the day preceding the first peak day and the first peak day of the Asian dust period but only in the mid-western areas. The concentrations of PM10 just after the Asian dust episode were much higher than those just before. There was a significant increase in a coarse fraction, having soil origins, of particles during the Asian dust episode. Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni and Cr extracted from the total suspended particulate (TSP) samples collected in 7 cities during the Asian dust episode were much higher when compared with other days in 2001. However, the Asian dust did not consistently increase the concentrations of lead, cadmium and copper as they are influenced by local sources such as local traffic or industrial emissions.