Anaerobic benzene biodegradation by a pure bacterial culture of Bacillus cereus under nitrate reducing conditions

A pure culture using benzene as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated by screening procedure from gasoline contaminated soil. The analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence, morphological and physiological characteristics showed that the isolated strain was a member of genus Bacillus cereus. The biodegradation performance of benzene by B. cereus was evaluated, and the results showed that benzene could be e ciently biodegraded when the initial benzene concentration was below 150 mg/L. The metabolites of anaerobic nitrate-dependent benzene oxidation by strain B. cereus were identified as phenol and benzoate. The results of substrate interaction between binary combinations for benzene, phenol and benzoate showed that the simultaneous presence of benzene stimulated the degradation of benzoate, whereas the addition of benzene inhibited the degradation of phenol. Benzene degradation by B. cereus was enhanced by the addition of phenol and benzoate, the enhanced e ects were more pronounced at higher concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the isolated bacterial culture of B. cereus can e ciently degraded benzene under nitrate reducing conditions.     

Photocatalytic degradation kinetics and mechanism of pentachlorophenol based on superoxide radicals

Pentachlorophenol could be photocatalytically reduced with superoxide radicals in aqueous solution under simulated sunlight irradiation.     

Characteristics and influence factors of NO2 exchange flux between the atmosphere and P. nigra

Nitrogen dioxide(NO_2)is an important substance in atmospheric photochemical processes and can also be absorbed by plants.N02 fluxes between the atmosphere and P.nigrc seedlings were investigated by a double dynamic chambers method in Beijing from June 15to September 3,2017.The range of N02 exchange fluxes between P.nigra seedlings and the atmosphere was from-14.6 to 0.8 nmol/(m~2.sec)(the positive data represent N02 emissior from trees,while the negative values indicate absorption).Under ambient concentrations the mean NO_2 flux during the fast-growing stage(Jun.15-Aug.4)was-3.0 nmol/(m2·sec)greater than the flux of-1.5 nmol/(m2-sec)during the later growth stage(Aug.8-Sept.3)The daily exchange fluxes of NO_2 obviously fluctuated.The fluxes were largest in the morning and decreased gradually over time.Additionally,the N02 fluxes were larger undei high light intensities than under low light intensities during the whole growth period.The effects of temperature on N02 fluxes were different under two growth periods.The NO_2exchange fluxes were larger in a range of temperatures close to 44℃in the fast-growing stage,whereas there were no evident differences in N02 exchange fluxes under widel differing temperatures in the later growth stage.Under polluted conditions,the uptake ability of N02 was weakened.Additionally,the compensation point of N02 was 5.6 ppb ir the fast-growing stage,whereas it was 1.4 ppb in the later growth stage.The depositior velocities of NO_2 were between 0.3 and 2.4 mm/sec.     

Novel functional fiber loaded with carbon dots for the deep removal of Cr(Ⅵ) by adsorption and photocatalytic reduction

A novel functional fiber(PAN-CDs) loaded with carbon dots(CDs) with excellent photoreduction and adsorption properties for Cr(VI) was prepared via an amidization reaction between the CDs' carboxyl groups and amine groups on polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based ion exchange fibers, which could completely preserve the fluorescence properties of the CDs. The photoluminescence(PL), photocatalysis and adsorption properties of PAN-CDs were characterized and analyzed. The PAN-CDs possess high adsorption capacity(297.6 mg/g) and excellent kinetic behavior(attaining adsorption equilibrium in 30 min)for Cr(VI) adsorption. Furthermore, the residual Cr(VI)(approximately 3 mg/L) after adsorption could be removed completely by subsequent photoreduction by the PAN-CDs.The Cr-saturated PAN-CDs could be easily separated by filtering and regenerated, with no observable decay of removal efficiency after five regeneration cycles. In addition, due to the PL quenching action of Cr(VI), the PAN-CDs can also be used as sensor for quantitative detection of trace Cr(VI) in aqueous solution.     

Polypropylene microplastics alter the cadmium adsorption capacity on different soil solid fractions

• PP-MPs reduced the adsorption capacity of the bulk soil for Cd in aqueous medium. • The responses of the POM, OMC and mineral fractions to PP-MPs were different. • PP-MPs reduced the adsorption of POM and OMC fractions to Cd. • PP-MPs increased the adsorption of mineral fraction to Cd. • Effect of MPs on soil may be controlled by proportion of POM, OMC and mineral fractions. Microplastics (MPs) are widely present in a variety of environmental media and have attracted more and more attention worldwide. However, the effect of MPs on the the interaction between heavy metals and soil, especially in soil fraction level, is not well understood. In this study, batch experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption characteristics of Cd in bulk soil and three soil fractions (i.e. particulate organic matter (POM), organic-mineral compounds (OMC), and mineral) with or without polypropylene (PP) MPs. The results showed that the addition of PP-MPs reduced the Cd adsorption capacity of the bulk soil in aqueous solution, and the effects varied with PP-MPs dose and aging degree. Whereas, the responses of the three fractions to PP-MPs were different. In presence of PP-MPs, the POM and OMC fractions showed negative adsorption effects, while the mineral fraction showed positive adsorption. For the bulk soil, POM and OMC fractions, the adsorption isotherm fitted to the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model, whereas, the Freundlich isotherm model is more fitted for the mineral fraction. Combined with the comprehensive analysis of the partitioning coefficients, XRD and FTIR results, it was found that OMC fraction extremely likely play a leading role in the bulk soil adsorption of Cd in this study. Overall, the effect of MPs on adsorption capacity of the bulk soil for Cd may be determined by the proportion of POM, OMC, and mineral fractions in the soil, but further confirmation is needed.     

Electrochemical removal of nitrate in industrial wastewater

A number of recent studies have demonstrated that electrochemical technologies, including electroreduction (ER), electrocoagulation (EC), and electrodialysis (ED), are effective in nitrate elimination in wastewater due to their high reactivity. To obtain the maximal elimination efficiency and current efficiency, many researchers have conducted experiments to investigate the optimal conditions (i.e., potential, current density, pH value, plate distance, initial nitrate concentration, electrolyte, and other factors) for nitrate elimination. The mechanism of ER, EC and ED for nitrate removal has been fully elucidated. The ER mechanism of nitrate undergoes electron transfer and hydrogenation reduction. The EC pathways of nitrate removal include reduction, coagulation and flotation. The ED pathways of nitrate include redox reaction and dialysis. Although the electrochemical technology can remove nitrate from wastewater efficiently, many problems (such as relatively low selectivity toward nitrogen, sludge production and brine generation) still hinder electrochemical treatment implementation. This paper critically presents an overview of the current state-of-the-art of electrochemical denitrification to enhance the removal efficiency and overcome the shortages, and will significantly improve the understanding of the detailed processes and mechanisms of nitrate removal by electrochemical treatment and provide useful information to scientific research and actual practice.

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Fe/Cu体系湿式催化氧化一步高效脱除H2S新方法研究

提出了Fe/Cu体系室温湿式催化氧化一步高效脱除H2S废气的新方法,阐述了反应机理、实验装置和工艺流程;考察了Fe3+、Cu2+浓度和H2S入口浓度对H2S脱除效率的影响及Fe3+、H+与添加剂NaCl浓度对CuS氧化浸出的影响,分析了Fe3+、Cu2+、H+浓度和废气中O2含量对fe3+、Cu2+再生的影响;并进行了综合实验.结果表明,当废气中O2体积分数为5%时,新方法中含40g·L-1Cu2+及80g·L-1Fe3+的吸收体系即能对体积分数为1000×10-6的H2S废气100%稳定脱硫,体系除消耗O外,过程不消耗任何原料,不产生二次污染,体系无降解问题.     

选择性催化还原法(SCR)脱硝研究进展

概述了选择性催化还原法(SCR)脱除NOx的研究进展和SCR催化剂的开发情况，展望了这一领域研究的发展方向。     

太湖流域圩区陆地生态服务价值评估

通过构建生态服务价值评价体系,对太湖流域圩区陆地生态服务价值进行估算,并分析其空间差异性. 结果表明:①圩区陆地生态系统面积为9 196.7 km2,其中农田、居民点与工矿用地、交通用地、林地等4个生态子系统面积所占比例分别为59.1%、34.5%、3.8%、2.5%. ②圩区陆地生态服务价值总量为219.374×108元/a,以间接生态价值(生态调节、生态维持价值)为主,占总量的61.6%. 其中生态服务价值最高的是下游杭嘉湖区(83.007×108元/a),其次为上游浙西区(39.104×108元/a)和湖西区(32.790×108元/a),三者占总量的70.6%;而下游浦西区、浦东区与上游的太湖区生态服务价值相对较低,仅占总量的9.1%. ③圩区单位面积陆地生态系统平均服务价值为2.385元/(m2·a),整体呈西高东低、南高北低的空间格局. ④因生态系统结构和生态效用机制的不同,林地单位面积各项生态服务均明显优于农田. ⑤流域景观综合指数在0.879~1.124之间,呈西高东低的空间分布特点.      

“双碳”目标背景下我国绿色制造体系建设路径研究

绿色制造是一种与生态文明建设相协调的先进制造模式,把绿色理念和绿色工艺技术贯穿于制造业全产业链,追求从设计、制造、包装、运输、使用到报废处置整个生命周期中,环境影响最小化,资源利用最大化。2016年以来,我国绿色制造体系建设扎实推进,绿色产品、绿色工厂、绿色园区和绿色供应链全面发展,绿色制造产业不断发展壮大,有力地支撑了工业绿色低碳转型。本文总结了近年来我国绿色制造体系建设的主要进展,分析了未来绿色制造体系建设的重点方向和路径,新时期应该在碳达峰碳中和目标愿景下深入推进绿色制造体系建设,把增加绿色产品有效供给作为绿色制造体系建设的关键着力点,以数字化智能化为驱动提升绿色制造的广度和深度,同时不断深化绿色制造国际共识,提升我国制造业国际形象和影响力。最后从完善相关政策法规与标准体系、强化绿色低碳技术创新应用、构建产业生态体系和加强国际合作等方面提出了有关对策建议。