活性污泥总DNA不同提取方法的比较

为了快速、简便和经济地获得活性污泥的总DNA,以用于分子生物学研究,采用5种不同的DNA提取方法提取活性污泥的总DNA,并通过提取的核酸总量、纯度、是否含有聚合酶链反应抑制剂等指标综合分析不同的提取方法对活性污泥总DNA提取效果的影响.结果表明:蛋白酶K-SDS-酚氯仿法和柱提取DNA试剂盒法提取活性污泥总DNA效果最好,提取DNA总量多,纯度高,可不经纯化直接进行PCR扩增反应。     

腐殖酸树脂处理含Pb2+、CU2+、Ni2+废水的研究

利用泥炭为原料制备腐殖酸树脂.在动态条件下,研究了腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+的吸附效果及吸附条件.同时探讨了腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+的吸附与解吸再生机理,吸附机理研究表明,腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+的主要吸附形式为离子交换吸附和络合吸附.结果表明,在废水pH值为5.0～7.0,Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+浓度分别为50 mg/L,经腐殖酸树脂处理,Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+去除率可达98%以上,且处理后废水近中性.含Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+电镀废水经腐殖酸树脂处理后,废水中Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+含量显著低于国家排放标准.     

不同类型酸修饰-磁化海泡石对水体Cd(II)的吸附研究

采用无机或有机酸修饰-磁化的方法研制海泡石吸附材料H-Sep(盐酸修饰)、N-Sep(硝酸修饰)、P-Sep(磷酸修饰)和A-Sep(醋酸修饰),并借助SEM、TEM、EDS、BET、FT-IR、VSM及XPS等手段表征分析改性前后海泡石的结构特征.同时,在不同投加量、pH、温度和溶液浓度等因素条件下,考察了酸修饰-磁化海泡石对水体Cd(II)吸附效果的影响.结果表明,改性材料取得最佳吸附效果时的投加量为5g·L^-1,pH为6.5,拟合结果更符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温方程.其中,P-Sep的吸附效果最好,其最大理论吸附量为52.6 mg·g^-1.VSM结果表明,H-Sep、N-Sep和A-Sep是磁化分离效果较好的材料,而P-Sep的磁化分离效果不佳.此外,Na⁺、Cl^-等阴阳离子对酸修饰-磁改性海泡石吸附性能没有太大影响,而重金属离子如Pb(II)、Zn(II)会对其吸附过程产生抑制作用.XPS吸附机理分析表明,酸修饰-磁化改性将新的功能基团引入海泡石结构,极大地提升了吸附性能.     

“双碳”目标背景下我国绿色制造体系建设路径研究

绿色制造是一种与生态文明建设相协调的先进制造模式,把绿色理念和绿色工艺技术贯穿于制造业全产业链,追求从设计、制造、包装、运输、使用到报废处置整个生命周期中,环境影响最小化,资源利用最大化。2016年以来,我国绿色制造体系建设扎实推进,绿色产品、绿色工厂、绿色园区和绿色供应链全面发展,绿色制造产业不断发展壮大,有力地支撑了工业绿色低碳转型。本文总结了近年来我国绿色制造体系建设的主要进展,分析了未来绿色制造体系建设的重点方向和路径,新时期应该在碳达峰碳中和目标愿景下深入推进绿色制造体系建设,把增加绿色产品有效供给作为绿色制造体系建设的关键着力点,以数字化智能化为驱动提升绿色制造的广度和深度,同时不断深化绿色制造国际共识,提升我国制造业国际形象和影响力。最后从完善相关政策法规与标准体系、强化绿色低碳技术创新应用、构建产业生态体系和加强国际合作等方面提出了有关对策建议。     

选择性催化还原法(SCR)脱硝研究进展

概述了选择性催化还原法(SCR)脱除NOx的研究进展和SCR催化剂的开发情况，展望了这一领域研究的发展方向。     

Pollution levels, composition characteristics and sources of atmospheric PM2.5 in a rural area of the North China Plain during winter

The pollution levels, composition characteristics and sources of atmospheric PM_2.5 were investigated based on field measurement at a rural site in the North China Plain (NCP) from pre-heating period to heating period in winter of 2017. The hourly average concentrations of PM_2.5 frequently exceeded 150 µg/m³ and even achieved 400 µg/m³, indicating that the PM_2.5 pollution was still very serious despite the implementation of stricter control measures in the rural area. Compared with the pre-heating period, the mean concentrations of organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC) and chlorine ion (Cl^?) during the heating period increased by 20.8%, 36.6% and 38.8%, accompanying with increments of their proportions in PM_2.5 from 37.5%, 9.8% and 5.5% to 42.9%, 12.7% and 7.2%, respectively. The significant increase of both their concentrations and proportions during the heating period was mainly ascribed to the residential coal combustion. The proportions of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium respectively increased from 9.9%, 10.9% and 9.0% in nighttime to 13.8%, 16.2% and 11.1% in daytime, implying that the daytime photochemical reactions made remarkable contributions to the secondary inorganic aerosols. The simulation results from WRF-Chem revealed that the emission of residential coal combustion in the rural area was underestimated by the current emission inventory. Six sources identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF) based on the measurement were residential coal combustion, secondary formation of inorganic aerosols, biomass burning, vehicle emission and raising dust, contributing to atmospheric PM_2.5 of 40.5%, 21.2%, 16.4%, 10.8%, 8.6% and 2.5%, respectively.     

Impact of advanced storage facilities on households’ maize storage losses and food security in China

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Reducing post harvest losses has been an option to enhance food security. Hence, the Chinese government has implemented the “scientific grain...