Utilizing transparent and conductive SnO2 as electron mediator to enhance the photocatalytic performance of Z-scheme Si-SnO2-TiOx

• A novel Z-scheme Si-SnO₂-TiO_x with SnO₂ as electron mediator is first constructed. • Transparent and conductive SnO₂ can pass light through and promote charge transport. • V_O from SnO₂ and TiO_x improve photoelectrochemical performances. • Efficient photocatalytic degradations originate from the Z scheme construction. Z-scheme photocatalysts, with strong redox ability, have a great potential for pollutants degradation. However, it is challenging to construct efficient Z-scheme photocatalysts because of their poor interfacial charge separation. Herein, by employing transparent and conductive SnO₂ as electron mediator to pass light through and promote interfacial charge transportation, a novel Z-scheme photocatalyst Si-SnO₂-TiO_{x (1<x<2)} was constructed. The Z-scheme photocatalyst displayed an order of magnitude higher photocurrent density and a 4-fold increase in open-circuit potential compared to those of Si. Moreover, the onset potential shifted negatively for approximately 2.2 V. Benefiting from these advantages, this Z-scheme Si-SnO₂-TiO_x exhibited efficient photocatalytic performance toward phenol degradation and mineralization. 75% of the phenol was degraded without bias potential and 70% of the TOC was removed during phenol degradation. Other typical pollutants such as bisphenol A and atrazine could also be degraded without bias potential. Introducing a transparent and conductive electron mediator to construct Z-scheme photocatalyst gives a new sight to the improvement of photocatalytic performance in Z scheme.     

KMnO4改性活性炭对臭气中甲硫醇的吸附特性

针对普通活性炭对污水厂臭气中甲硫醇吸附量低的问题,采用KMnO4浸渍改性以获得高甲硫醇吸附量的改性活性炭,通过低温氮吸附仪、扫描电子显微镜和Boehm滴定等表征揭示改性后活性炭吸附量提高的原因,并进行改性活性炭吸附甲硫醇的动力学和热力学研究。结果表明:在KMnO_4浓度为1%、温度为25℃、活性炭与浸渍液质量比为8∶100的条件下浸渍6 h,改性活性炭对甲硫醇的静态吸附量最高,达到344.22 mg·g~(-1),是未改性前的4.04倍:改性活性炭对甲硫醇吸附量提高的原因主要是表面碱性基团的增加(是原来的2.53倍),以及微孔容积和比表面积的增加。改性活性炭对甲硫醇的吸附符合准二级动力学模型,同时粒子内扩散模型显示吸附过程由气相扩散和内扩散共同作用;符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,具有多层吸附特征,且吸附容易进行,属于优惠吸附,是一个自发、放热和熵减的过程,升温不利于对甲硫醇的吸附。     

地形起伏对滑坡运动的影响规律研究∗

地形作为滑坡运动的重要约束条件,对滑坡运动行为及致损效应具有较大影响,研究其影响规律具有实际意义。通过分析地形对滑坡运动的作用机理,初步推导了考虑地形效应的雪橇模型,利用已有模型及试验结果验证其具有相当准确性,进而推导了地形引起的摩擦耗能增量E_T表达式。利用耗能增量E_T与总能量E_G的比值定义地形影响率η,作为地形影响程度的指标,对100个滑坡地形进行了计算分析。结果表明：（1）16%的滑坡地形影响率保持在20%以上,地形影响不可忽略;（2）局部地形为滑坡短时加减速创造了良好条件,对滑坡运动具有显著影响;（3）地形对近程滑坡的影响明显大于远程滑坡;（4）滑坡的地形缓急大致可以反映滑坡运动受地形影响的大小。建议对潜在下滑地形较平缓的不稳定坡体给予足够重视,且通过微小改变地形可能会大幅减小滑坡运动距离,以达到减灾目的。     

Long-term adaptive evolution of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 for establishment of high concentration Cr(VI) tolerance

• Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was acclimated to grow with Cr(VI) of 190 mg/L. • Whole genomes from 7 populations at different acclimation stages were sequenced. • Gene mutations mainly related to efflux pumps and transporters. • An adaptation mechanism of MR-1 to high concentration of Cr(VI) was proposed. Acclimation is the main method to enhance the productivity of microorganisms in environmental biotechnology, but it remains uncertain how microorganisms acquire resistance to high concentrations of pollutants during long-term acclimation. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was acclimated for 120 days with increasing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) concentrations from 10 to 190 mg/L. The bacterium was able to survive from the highly toxic Cr(VI) environment due to its enhanced capability to reduce Cr(VI) and the increased cell membrane surface. We sequenced 19 complete genomes from 7 populations of MR-1, including the ancestral strain, the evolved strains in Cr(VI) environment on days 40, 80 and 120 and their corresponding controls. A total of 27, 49 and 90 single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in the Cr(VI)-evolved populations on days 40, 80 and 120, respectively. Nonsynonymous substitutions were clustered according to gene functions, and the gene mutations related to integral components of the membrane, including efflux pumps and transporters, were the key determinants of chromate resistance. In addition, MR-1 strengthened the detoxification of Cr(VI) through gene variations involved in adenosine triphosphate binding, electron carrier activity, signal transduction and DNA repair. Our results provide an in-depth analysis of how Cr(VI) resistance of S. oneidensis MR-1 is improved by acclimation, as well as a genetic understanding of the impact of long-term exposure of microorganisms to pollution.     

联合法赤泥的特性及其对水溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的去除

赤泥作为氧化铝冶炼过程中排出的一般工业固废,具有数量大、碱性强、粒径小、孔隙结构丰富等特征。采用XRF、XRD、SEM/EDX等分析手段,研究了赤泥的化学组成、矿物结构、粒度、比表面积、表面形貌、酸中和能力等特性。通过批实验观测了赤泥对水溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的去除效果,并对Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度、pH等影响因子对去除效果的影响展开了分析。结果表明,赤泥的主要化学成分为CaO、SiO_2、Al_2O_3和Fe_2O_3,平均比表面积为43.8 m~2·g~(-1);赤泥有很强的酸中和能力,对硝酸的中和能力约为1.875 mol·kg~(-1)。初始pH=4,且过程中不控制pH时,反应在10 min之内达到平衡,去除率为98%～100%,赤泥对Pb(Ⅱ)的去除能力可达到25.9 mg·g~(-1)。当pH=4时,赤泥对水溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的去除反应在90～120 min时达到平衡,去除率为10%～45%,当初始浓度为1～100 mg·L~(-1)时,Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度越高,Pb(Ⅱ)去除能力越强,去除率越低。当pH为7和10时,Pb(Ⅱ)去除率分别为92%和98%,残留Pb(Ⅱ)浓度小于污水综合排放标准中第一类污染物最高允许排放浓度1.0 mg·L~(-1)。通过分析可知,赤泥对Pb(Ⅱ)的去除符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附机理主要为化学吸附。     

湿法烟气脱硫对工业粉尘的协同脱除

通过对燃煤锅炉、烧结机和催化裂化炉排放工业烟气的湿法脱硫装置进出口粉尘特性的测试分析,从粉尘的粒径分布、疏水性以及吸收塔的内部结构研究湿法脱硫对3种工业烟气粉尘的协同脱除效果。结果表明,湿法脱硫具有粉尘的协同脱除作用,燃煤锅炉可以通过高效的湿法脱硫协同达到超低排放;而烧结烟气的粉尘疏水性高于燃煤粉尘,脱除效率一般,需要采用更复杂的吸收塔结构;催化裂化的粉尘由于细颗粒物占比更大,颗粒物的脱除效果比燃煤粉尘效果略差。     

镇江市典型产业园区青菜中重金属特征分析

于2017年1月采集镇江市典型产业园区7个不同点位的青菜及青菜田土壤样品进行重金属含量分析,结果表明,园区青菜中Cr、Cu、Zn元素均值小于食品卫生标准限值,Ni、Cd和Pb元素的均值介于食品卫生标准限值的临界;青菜中Ni、Cd、Pb 3种重金属处于轻度污染状态,Cr、Cu和Zn 3种重金属为无污染状态;青菜田土壤中重金属含量仅Cr和Cd在个别点超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(GB 15618—2018)标准限值,其余各点位6种重金属元素均低于标准限值。     

珠海市社会经济发展与资源环境的协调度分析

经济与资源环境协调发展成为研究热点,众多学者运用不同的数学方法对区域经济和环境的协调度进行了分析。目前这方面的研究仅包括经济和环境两大系统,未将社会发展作为独立的系统,且指标的选取未能体现区域经济发展的特点。根据珠海市的实际,对原有的协调度计算方法进行适当调整,得出珠海市社会经济发展与资源环境协调度发展的状况属于良好协调发展类中的经济滞后型。     

离子型稀土冶炼废水资源回收及达标排放处理工艺研究

离子型稀土冶炼废水水质成分复杂,NH_3-N浓度极高,直接排放不仅造成严重的环境污染而且形成巨大的资源浪费。通过全面分析稀土冶炼废水水质,对稀土冶炼废水资源回收及达标排放处理进行了工艺理论分析,并提出了整套工艺流程。实验室小试及中试研究结果显示,该工艺能有效地从稀土冶炼废水中回收农业级NH_4Cl,并使废水达到污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)的要求。