The levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments from the Haihe River, China

The levels and distribution patterns of the selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs=p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-HCH) in surficial sediments from the Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River of Tianjin were investigated by means of gas chromatography coupled with micro-electronic capture detector (GC-microECD). Concentrations of OCPs in the sediments from the Haihe River ranged from 1.88 to 18.76ng g(-1) (mean 7.33ng g(-1)) for sum HCH, 0.32-80.18ng g(-1) (mean 15.94ng g(-1)) for sum DDT. Compared with the Haihe River, the Dagu Drainage River was much more contaminated by HCHs and DDTs, wherein sum HCH ranged from 33.24 to 141.03ng g(-1) (mean 87.74ng g(-1)) and sum DDT ranged from 3.60 to 83.49ng g(-1) with a mean value of 35.52ng g(-1). The concentration distribution of sum DDT and sum HCH was different indicated their different contamination sources. Composition analyses indicated that a recent usage or discharge of HCH and DDT into the Dagu Drainage River.     

海峡西岸沿海地区经济发展与环境保护协调性研究

随着国家"一带一路"战略的深入,海峡西岸沿海地区进入新一轮快速发展阶段."工业补课"为主要模式的工业发展带动下,海西地区二产长期占主导地位,且呈现出明显的工业重型化特征.石化、火电等产业为主的沿海产业带初具规模,资源推动型、投资拉动型经济发展特征明显,导致生态用地占用、资源环境超载等环境问题凸显.建议海西地区快速发展中,首先确定、维护好区域及城市的生态环境功能定位,以此作为促进经济社会与环境保护协调发展的基础.     

层次分析法在泉州市和南安市大气环境质量评价中的应用研究

文章根据(GB 3095-2012)《大气环境质量标准》,依据地区大气环境实际情况选择SO2、NO2、PM10构建评价指标体系,采用层次分析法对泉州市和南安市2005年-2010年的大气环境质量进行了综合评价,并从地理位置、气候、经济和能源结构这四个方面分析比较两个城市的评价结果.结果表明:泉州市和南安市的大气环境质量均为一级,从分析结果来看南安市的大气环境质量整体较优于泉州市,这与南安市大气污染型企业较少、台风影响较大、植被覆盖率较高有直接关系.     

生物毒性在线监测方法在苏州水源地预警监测中的应用研究

使用明亮发光杆菌作为发光体,在苏州市饮用水源地建立了生物毒性在线监测方法.详细介绍了方法原理及检测过程,通过在线集成实现了连续自动监测,在性能测试、方法比对、毒物测试、相关性分析等方面进行了研究,分析三年连续运行数据确定了本地水样的静态及动态报警限.结果表明,采用生物毒性在线监测方法对传统预警技术进行补充,可以有效弥补水质综合性评估的不足,满足饮用水源地水质在线监测需求.     

T3WS便携式水质快速检测仪在环境监测中的应用研究

便携式水质快速检测仪具有测量速度快、体积小、重量轻、便于携带等特点,特别适用于水质现场快速测定.在T3WS快速检测仪30余个项目中选择六价铬、甲醛、砷、氨氮、硫化物等五项常用指标,进行试管一致性、校准曲线斜率、截距、相关系数、检出限、测定范围、精密度、准确度以及与实验室分析方法比对等试验.结果表明,T3WS快速检测仪测试标准样品测试结果均在允许误差范围内,标准样品及地袁水、废水样品测试结果的相对偏差均小于10％,与实验室分析结果之间最大相对误差分别为-6.1％、15.9％、15％、-7.2％、-21.0％,T3WS便携式水质快速检测仪用于水质现场快速测定结果的精密度与准确度是可以接受的.     

亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定硫化物校准曲线斜率、截距参考值研究

通过近三年实验室采用亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定硫化物校准曲线制作的一系列原始数据的收集,并通过数理统计方法对校准曲线、-余标准偏差、斜率扩展不确定度、截距扩展不确定度开展了详细讨论,得出亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定硫化物校准曲线斜率(b)参考范围为:0.019 1±0.00044,截距(a)参考值范围:0.003 3±0.005 0.此结果对实验室分析人员判定硫化物项目校准曲线制作是否合格具有一定的参考价值.     

Effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the swimming behavior,population growth and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE (BDE-47) and deca-BDE (BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior, population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that: (1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and -209 in the seawater phase measured by GC–MS (Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations. (2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 is more toxic than BDE-209. (3) Both BDE-47 and -209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females (OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females (MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and -209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately.     

应用概率物种敏感度分布法研究太湖铜水生生物水质基准

运用概率物种敏感度分布法获得太湖水体中铜的急性水质基准值为14.57μg·L-1,慢性水质基准值为3.26μg·L-1;不同类别物种敏感性存在差异,无脊椎动物较脊椎动物更敏感,甲壳类敏感性大于鱼类。概率物种敏感度分布法与传统的物种敏感度分布法相比,更全面合理地考虑多种毒性效应,曲线拟合效果好,受数据量大小影响较小,结果更加稳定。研究结论可为铜水质标准的修订和太湖流域水环境管理提供技术支持。     

非点源污染河流水环境容量的不确定性分析

基于河流一维水环境容量计算模型和实测水文水质参数的统计分析,应用MonteCarlo模拟方法,分析模型各输入参数的灵敏度以及水环境容量值的概率分布,建立了非点源污染河流水环境容量的分期不确定性分析方法.本方法表达了由于获取的河流系统信息不确定性和非点源污染发生的随机性引起的水环境容量计算结果不确定性,给出了不同水文期在不同可信度下的河流水环境容量,为实现非点源污染的总量控制提供了可靠的基础.应用本方法,对长乐江的总氮水环境容量进行了不确定性分析.结果表明,根据水质控制目标,枯水期、平水期、丰水期中90%可信度的总氮水环境容量分别为487.9、949.8、1392.8kg·d-1,其中稀释容量是各水文期水环境容量的主要组成部分.据此,各水文期流域内的总氮现状入河量需削减1258.3～3591.2kg·d-1,丰水期是削减量最大的时期.不确定性分析方法计算得到的水环境容量是基于非点源污染河流水文水质状况的实际变化,这相对于按某一设计流量来确定水环境容量的常规方法更为科学、合理,拓展了水环境容量的研究思路和方法.     

Thermal-behavior study of chlorine released from composite refuse derived fuel

In order to reduce secondary pollution during the incineration of composite refuse derived fuel (CRDF), the combustion features and the emission behavior of chlorine in CRDF containing coal were analyzed. The former was analyzed using thermo-gravimetric and the latter by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The release rate of inorganic chlorine during combustion reached 90 mass% at temperature between 773.15 and 873.15 K. On the other hand, approximately 84 mass% release rates was resulting from pyrolysis at 723.15 K. When temperature reached above 1073.15 K, it was noticed that higher concentration of organic chlorine in different organic compounds were produced in the processing of pyrolysis compared with those released from the combustion processing. From the thermo-gravimetric analysis using a self-designed system, three distinct phases were detected in the thermal process of CRDF. The first phase occurred at temperature between 473 and 573 K and its mass loss was about 38.50%. The second phase between temperature regions of 673–773 K with a mass loss of 20.35%. The third phase was observed at the temperature between 873 and 1073 K with 22.25% mass loss.