浅谈环境监测实验室前期内部设计过程中应注意的问题

文章结合作者自己站环境监测实验室建设的实际,提出了环境监测实验室建设的原则和理念,明确了实验室建设内部设计过程,并对环境监测实验室初期内部设计应关注的地方进行了阐述,给以后的环境监测实验室建设内部设计提供必要的借鉴。     

遵化地质灾害发育特征及其防治措施

为了查明遵化市地质灾害分布规律和发生机制,通过野外实际调查和搜集相关资料等方法,对辖区内各种地质灾害进行了细致的分析和研究,阐述了产生地质灾害的地质条件和诱发因素,并对今后地质灾害的发展趋势做了可靠性的预测,对地质灾害防治提出建设性意见。遵化市地质灾害以地面塌陷和泥石流危害最大,其防治措施应以预防为主,加强监管力度,并积极做好工程防治工作。     

A two-stage inexact joint-probabilistic programming method for air quality management under uncertainty

A two-stage inexact joint-probabilistic programming (TIJP) method is developed for planning a regional air quality management system with multiple pollutants and multiple sources. The TIJP method incorporates the techniques of two-stage stochastic programming, joint-probabilistic constraint programming and interval mathematical programming, where uncertainties expressed as probability distributions and interval values can be addressed. Moreover, it can not only examine the risk of violating joint-probability constraints, but also account for economic penalties as corrective measures against any infeasibility. The developed TIJP method is applied to a case study of a regional air pollution control problem, where the air quality index (AQI) is introduced for evaluation of the integrated air quality management system associated with multiple pollutants. The joint-probability exists in the environmental constraints for AQI, such that individual probabilistic constraints for each pollutant can be efficiently incorporated within the TIJP model. The results indicate that useful solutions for air quality management practices have been generated; they can help decision makers to identify desired pollution abatement strategies with minimized system cost and maximized environmental efficiency.     

The function of constructed wetland in reducing the risk of heavy metals on human health

Irrigation with polluted water from the upper Yellow River (YR) channel of Northwest China has resulted in agricultural soil being contaminated by heavy metals (HMs). This causes major concerns due to the potential health risk to the residents in this area. The present study aims to assess the efficiency of constructed wetland (CW) in reducing the heavy metal contamination in irrigation water and food crops, thus in reduction of potential health risk to the residents. The associated risk was assessed using hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). The results showed a potential health risk to inhabitants via consumption of wheat grain irrigated with untreated water from YR. However CW could greatly reduce the human health risk of HMs contamination to local residents through significantly decreasing the concentrations of HMs in wheat grain. In theory, the reduction rate of this risk reached 35.19% for different exposure populations. Therefore, CW can be used as a system to pre-treat irrigation water and protect the residents from the potential HMs toxicity.     

One-pot molten salt method for constructing CdS/C3N4 nanojunctions with highly enhanced photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction

The construction of heterojunction photocatalysts for efficiently utilizing solar energy has attracted considerable attention to solve the energy crisis and reduce environmental pollution. In this study, we use the energy released from an easily-occurred exothermic chemical reaction to serve as the drive force to trigger the formation of Cd S and C₃N₄ nanocomposites which are successfully fabricated with cadmium nitrate and thiourea without addition of any solvents and prot...     

The effects of low-dose biochar amendments on arsenic accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The accumulation of arsenic (As) in rice is one of the food security-related concerns in As-contaminated areas all over the world. Biochar, a...     

Adaptation of microbial communities to multiple stressors associated with litter decomposition of Pterocarya stenoptera

To understand the further impacts of multiple stressors in freshwater, we investigated the effects of heavy metal(HM, Cu and Zn) and nutrient enrichments(nitrogen and phosphorus, NP) on microbial decomposition of Pterocarya stenoptera litter and the associated extracellular enzyme activities and microbial biomass with microcosms. Results showed that the decomposition rates were slower in the polluted stream waters than those in the unpolluted ones, which corresponded to lower microbial biomass and integrated enzyme activities of cellulose and β-glucosidase. The decomposition rates were accelerated at low HM level, which was associated with the stimulated enzyme activities of hydrolytic enzymes or was stimulated by both NP levels in polluted stream waters. In particular, the hydrolase enzyme activities of microbial communities in polluted stream waters were stimulated by low HM level, suggesting that low HM level-stimulated litter decomposition may be due to the increased enzymatic activities. When microbial communities were exposed to HM and NP simultaneously, the inhibitory effect(in unpolluted stream waters) or the stimulated effect(in polluted stream waters) of low HM concentration was enhanced and attenuated, respectively, which suggests that the NP antagonistic effect against HM toxicity on litter decomposition may contribute to the litterassociated extracellular enzyme activities. These results suggest that the co-occurrence of HM and NP may have antagonistic effects on stream ecosystem functioning.     

我国雾霾成因及防控策略研究

针对近年来我国雾霾频发的现象,通过对我国雾霾现状、污染物来源分析,阐明雾霾成因及危害,并从监测、评价、控制等角度阐述我国雾霾防控策略。     

基于系统动力学模型的清河流域产业结构优化研究

基于清河流域近年的"经济-社会"现状特点与发展趋势,以2010年为水平基准年,建立清河流域产业结构优化SD模型,将整个系统分为人口及生活子系统、经济子系统、用水子系统和污染物子系统。设置四种情景方案进行模拟,模拟时间为2010年到2020年,通过各个方案结果对比分析选出方案四为最优方案。并根据最优方案提出清河流域产业结构优化的建议,从而为清河流域经济的健康可持续发展提供科学的决策依据。     

基于禀赋与压力的城市环境综合分区理论与方法研究

环境综合分区是城市环境总体规划的主要任务和落实资源合理利用与生态环境保护空间约束的重要手段.基于资源环境禀赋和压力的环境综合分区理论与方法,在生态功能分区和大气环境、水环境、水资源、土地资源分区基础上,提出城市环境综合分区二级区划方案,以大连市为例进行实证研究.根据综合分区方案,针对资源环境问题和发展现状,细化生态保护红线及产业空间准入线,引导城市资源利用与环境保护,更好地指导城市建设与产业发展.