我国汽车排气污染现状与发展

从汽车保有量,油口消耗、污染物排放和城市大气环境质量等方面分析了我国汽车污染现状及２０００年和２０１０年２个时段的发展趋势,从节能,净化和管理的角度初步分析了削减汽车污染物排放的综合对策。     

三元缔合物抑制分光光度法测定痕量氟

利用氟离子对锆－水杨基荧光酮－溴化十六烷基三甲基铵三元缔合物形成的竞争抑制作用,建立了测定痕量氟的抑制分光光度法,确定了测定的最佳条件为：「ＳＡＦ」＝６．０×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１「ＣＴＭＡＢ」＝８．０×１０＾－４ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１,「Ｚｒ（ＩＶ）」＝１．０μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１,「ＨＣｌ」＝０．０８ｍｏＬ．Ｌ＾－１,２５℃。     

线源扩散的快速模拟

提出了一种计算风向与线源成任意角时任意长地面线源大气扩散的简化模式。通过与数值积分方法计算结果的比较表明,模式的最大相对误差在风向与线源平行时最大,但不超过18％。随风向与线源夹角的增大,相对误差迅速减小,当夹角大于5°时,已小于2％。为城镇公路网大气扩散的快速、准确模拟提供了新手段。     

地理信息系统在环境领域中的应用

简要介绍了地理信息系统在环境领域中的应用,它将成为社会可持续发展的有效辅助决策的支持工具。     

天然气净化厂放空废气对环境的影响及控制措施

天然气净化厂除正常生产有工艺废气排放外,传统装置检修开停产过程、供电或设备异常情况下,会有大量酸气、原料气通过放空火炬燃烧后排放。文章主要分析了天然气净化装置放空废气排放情况及其对周边环境的影响,阐述了异常放空、检修开停产过程原料气和酸气放空的控制措施及其环境效益。     

钻井废物综合治理技术的应用

针对急需解决的钻井废水、废气治理问题,以钻井作业大功率柴油机废气余热回收利用为出发点,研制了钻井废水废气综合治理设备。通过现场试验对钻井废水、废气治理效果及噪声影响的分析,试验结果表明,日处理钻井废水可达11～13m3/d,柴油机废气中污染物排放有一定程度的降低,柴油机高频噪声得到较明显降低,并有利于增加柴油机扭距。     

关于推动青海省环境会计工作的若干思考

随着人口的剧增和社会需求的臌胀,环境问题日渐引起各国政府普遍关注。进入20世纪90年代,越来越多的西方国家把环境损益核算纳入会计研究的领域,逐步出现和形成了环境会计。环境会计制度也是近年来国内会计学界热议的话题。文章在把握我国环境会计概念的基础上,对环境会计在推动青海省环境保护的必要性进行了阐述,提出了建立环境会计促进青海省社会经济可持续发展的几点建议。     

Municipal solid waste management in Pudong New Area, China

The increase in population, the rapid economic growth and the rise in community living standards accelerate municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in developing cities. This problem is especially serious in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China. The daily amount of MSW generated in Pudong was about 1.11 kg per person in 2006. According to the current population growth trend, the solid waste quantity generated will continue to increase with the city's development. In this paper, we describe a waste generation and composition analysis and provide a comprehensive review of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in Pudong. Some of the important aspects of waste management, such as the current status of waste collection, transport and disposal in Pudong, will be illustrated. Also, the current situation will be evaluated, and its problems will be identified.     

Nitrous oxide emissions from an intensively managed greenhouse vegetable cropping system in Northern China

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from a typical greenhouse vegetable system in Northern China were measured from February 2004 to January 2006 using a close chamber method. Four nitrogen management levels (NN, MN, CN, and SN) were used. N₂O emissions occurred intermittently in the growing season, strongly correlating with N fertilization and irrigation. No peak emissions were observed after fertilization in the late Autumn season due to low soil temperature. 57-94% of the seasonal N₂O emissions came from the initial growth stage, corresponding to the rewetting process in the soil. The annual N₂O emissions ranged from 2.6 to 8.8 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, accounting for 0.27-0.30% of the annual nitrogen input. Compared with conventional N management, site-specific N management reduced N fertilization rate by 69% in 2004 and by 76% in 2005, and consequently reduced N₂O emissions by 51% in 2004 and 27% in 2005, respectively.     

应用分散剂控制水面溢油污染的环境影响分析及建议

喷洒分散剂是一种广泛采用的水面事故性溢油应急措施.在分析了分散剂分散效果及其影响因素、分散剂的毒性及其生态环境影响、不同国家对于分散剂的使用及管理规定和中国关于分散剂的研究与使用管理现状的基础上,提出了中国分散剂研究与使用管理建议,主要包括:(1)建立国家级分散剂重点实验室,深入分散剂生态毒理学和迁移转归研究以及新型分散剂开发研究,提高中国在此研究领域的国际地位;(2)修订或建立中国分散剂分析、检验和使用相关标准;(3)建议海事和水运交通管理部门进行所辖区域溢油应急措施的风险评估,并加强对溢油应急事故处理中分散剂使用的授权和管理.