产品生命周期评价在固体废弃物管理中的应用

产品生命周期评价应用到固体废弃物的管理 ,可以改变传统的管理方法 ,为固体废弃物管理从产品设计、生产到废弃、处置全过程 ,提供系统的全过程管理概念     

制取高浓度臭氧水的实验研究

采用介质阻挡强电离放电技术制取高浓度臭氧 ,使用射流器和气液溶解分离器溶解臭氧制取高浓度臭氧水。讨论了应用臭氧量、气液比、系统压力和气液溶解方式对臭氧水浓度和臭氧有效溶解效率的影响     

我国燃煤的污染现状及治理对策

剖析了尖前我国工业民用燃煤所造成的严重污染现象及其原因,并对燃煤的燃前,燃烧过程,以及烟气排放三个阶段的脱提出了治理对策。     

新装修居室中大芯板释放甲醛的研究

采用环境舱模拟室内微环境,以大芯板作为研究对象,探讨空气交换率、相对湿度、温度等因素对室内甲醛释放的影响,得出室内甲醛释放规律.研究成果对预测室内甲醛浓度,建立室内甲醛释放模型,以及减少甲醛危害等有重要意义.     

Boiler briquette coal versus raw coal: Part II--Energy, greenhouse gas, and air quality implications

The objective of this paper is to conduct an integrated analysis of the energy, greenhouse gas, and air quality impacts of a new type of boiler briquette coal (BB-coal) in contrast to those of the raw coal from which the BB-coal was formulated (R-coal). The analysis is based on the source emissions data and other relevant data collected in the present study and employs approaches including the construction of carbon, energy, and sulfur balances. The results show that replacing R-coal with BB-coal as the fuel for boilers such as the one tested would have multiple benefits, including a 37% increase in boiler thermal efficiency, a 25% reduction in fuel demand, a 26% reduction in CO2 emission, a 17% reduction in CO emission, a 63% reduction in SO2 emission, a 97% reduction in fly ash and fly ash carbon emission, a 22% reduction in PM2.5 mass emission, and a 30% reduction in total emission of five toxic hazardous air pollutant (HAP) metals contained in PM10. These benefits can be achieved with no changes in boiler hardware and with a relatively small amount of tradeoffs: a 30% increase in PM10 mass emission and a 9-16% increase in fuel cost.     

化学质量平衡受体模型新技术的应用──TEDA大气颗粒物来源解析实例

本文结合实例介绍了大气颗粒物来源解析最常用的模型－化学质量平衡（ＣＭＢ）的原理、有效方差最小二乘解法及诊断检验技术，并用ＭＰＩＮ矩阵检验了拟合元素对拟合源的灵敏度，奇异值分解法（ＳＶＤ）鉴别了共线源，得出天津市经济技术开发区（ＴＥＤＡ）的ＴＳＰ主要来源为风沙、扬尘，其次为燃煤飞灰和木灰。     

多元热流体项目风险评价技术的应用

多元热流体技术项目近年来在新疆油田开展了众多现场试验工作,取得了一定进展。项目现场装置区主要包括复合热载体发生器及其配套系统,项目实施过程危险有害因素较多。通过研究分析,对生产单元进行了划分,辨识了各单元危险有害因素,运用HSE风险评价工具对风险进行了评价,提出了对策措施。     

中国CDM项目开发现状及存在问题分析研究

清洁发展机制(CDM)是国际社会实现温室气体减排的履约机制之一。目前中国已成为CDM市场的主要输出国,但在CDM项目开发过程中还存在很多问题,例如区域分布不平衡、碳排放权交易标准不统一、缺乏激励机制等。在经济发展和节能减排的双重压力下,中国政府声明将严格遵守《巴黎协定》,正在积极落实已提出的到2020年控制温室气体排放行动目标,并向联合国提交了到2030年的"国家自主贡献"行动目标。中国的积极行动推动了全球气候问题的解决。     

Vertical distribution of volatile organic compounds conducted by tethered balloon in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols can cause adverse effects on the environment and human health. However, knowledge of the VOC vertical profile in the lower troposphere of major Chinese cities is poorly understood. In this study, tethered balloon flights were conducted over the juncture of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei in China during the winter of 2016. Thirty-six vertical air samples were collected on selected heavy and light pollution days at altitudes of 50-1000 meters above ground level. On average, the concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) at 50-100 m was 4.9 times higher than at 900-1000 m (46.9 ppbV vs. 8.0 ppbV). TVOC concentrations changed rapidly from altitudes of 50-100 to 401-500 m, with an average decrease of 72%. With further altitude increase, the TVOC concentration gradually decreased. The xylene/benzene ratios of 34/36 air samples were lower than 1.1, and the benzene/toluene ratios of 34/36 samples were higher than 0.4, indicating the occurrence of aged air mass during the sampling period. Alkenes contributed most in terms of both OH loss rate (39%-71%) and ozone formation potential (40%-72%), followed by aromatics (6%-38%). Finally, the main factors affecting the vertical distributions of VOCs were local source emission and negative dispersion conditions on polluted days. These data could advance our scientific understanding of VOC vertical distribution.     

黄浦江铅的人体健康水质基准研究

铅是我国水环境质量监控的重点污染物之一.我国成人和儿童铅中毒事件时有发生,制定铅的人体健康水质基准在我国有着特殊意义.本文以黄浦江流域为研究对象,采集并分析流域水样和不同营养级的鱼样本中铅含量,结合文献调研,确定了人体暴露参数、生物蓄积系数等相关本土参数,推导出该流域铅的基于人体健康风险水质基准值为13.45μg·L~(-1).虽然该值略高于我国和大部分发达国家的现行饮用水标准(10μg·L~(-1)),但明显低于我国地表三类水环境标准(50μg·L~(-1)),提示黄浦江流域水体铅污染需要进一步加强防控.另外,通过引入铅的敏感人群儿童对基准推导进行了优化,并应用IEUBK模型(The Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model,综合暴露吸收生物动力学模型)对儿童血铅含量进行预测分析.研究发现引入了铅的敏感人群儿童后,推导得出基于人体健康的水质基准值为1.718μg·L~(-1),提示黄浦江流域的儿童在日常饮用水的选择上,应选择铅浓度比饮水标准更低的饮用水.本研究提出本土铅的基于人体健康风险水质基准值,对我国基准技术指南案例研究以及铅相关水质标准修订等具有重要的科学意义和参考价值.