主体功能区建设与财政生态补偿研究——以安徽省为例

党的十六届五中全会明确提出了“优化开发、重点开发、限制开发、禁止开发”四类主体功能区。主体功能区划是中国国土空间区划与规划理论中的一个重大突破,实行主体功能区生态补偿政策,对于实现不同类型主体功能区的健康协调发展,具有重要的意义。从传统的生态补偿理论来探讨主体功能区建设的生态补偿模式,要充分发挥市场补偿机制的功能,同步落实主体功能区财政、产业、土地、人口管理、绩效评价和政绩考核政策,从法律上明确生态补偿责任和各生态主体的义务,为生态补偿机制的规范化运作提供法律依据。     

塞氏盘法对水质透明度的测定

本文阐述了塞氏盘法测定水质透明度的历史．叙述了塞氏盘法对水质透明度的测定，详细总结了包括水体物理指标、光线条件、水生生物、水气界面和水面至观测者之间的距离和角度等各类因素对水质透明度测定的影响．并在透明度盘（塞氏盘）的制作、试验步骤、测定结果的记录、数据处理等方面做了进一步的修改和完善。     

基于风险的检测技术及其软件

基于风险的检测(RBI)技术是国际上新兴的资产完整性管理技术,RBI软件是实施RBI的重要工具.介绍了目前世界上主要的RBI软件,并提出了几点选择RBI软件的建议.     

201O年前郑州城市道路交通噪声污染预测和治理对策

根据郑州市１９９４～１９９８年城市道路交通噪声的监测数据以及影响城市道路交通噪声相关因素的数据，运用灰色系统理论，建立ＧＭ（１，Ｎ）预测模型对郑州市２０１０年前城市道路交通噪声进行预测；并利用灰色关联分析的方法进行分析，科学的得出产生城市道路交通噪声的主要因素，根据这一分析结果，提出了１９９９年到２０１０年期间治理对策。     

有机物对重金属在粘土中吸附行为的影响

实验选用填埋场垃圾降解过程中“产酸阶段”和“产甲烷阶段”产生的己酸和腐殖酸及重金属 Cd、Pb、Ni、Zn和 Mn为研究对象 ,研究有机物存在对粘土吸附重金属的影响 .结果表明 :粘土对纯重金属的吸附随着溶液 p H值升高而增强 ;对己酸的吸附随着溶液 p H值升高而增强 ,对腐殖酸的吸附随着溶液 p H值升高而减弱 .当溶液中己酸和重金属共存时 ,由于竞争吸附使得粘土对重金属的吸附能力普遍有较小幅度的下降 ;当溶液中存在腐殖酸和重金属共存时 ,粘土对重金属的吸附能力增强 ,主要是由于酸性条件下富里酸发生解离后与重金属络合 ,其络合物与粘土颗粒有一定的结合能力 ,增强了粘土对重金属的吸附能力 .     

Recovery of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by induced crystallization in a long-term operation

The feasibility of copper recovery by induced crystallization in a long period(174 days) was investigated in a seeded fluidized bed reactor(FBR). The process was divided into 3 periods according to different influent conditions, and the period III was separated into III-a and IIIb due to the adjustment of the molar ratio of CO_3~(2-)concentration to copper concentration([CT]/[Cu~(2+)]). The removal efficiency could exceed 95% and the average effluent copper concentration decreased to 3.0 mg/L. The mean particle size of seed grains with copper crystals coating on, raised to 0.36 mm from initial 0.18 mm. During period III-a, the supersaturation exceeded 2.88 × 104, the removal efficiency decreased to 60%–80% and the particle size dropped to 0.30 mm, due to the generation of fines by homogeneous crystallization and seeds breaking. And the morphology of the crystals on the seed grains changed from rod-like to spherical which lead to the particle size decreasing. In period III-b,the supersaturation was modified by adjusting the molar ratio of [CT]/[Cu2+] to 1.2 from 2.The efficiency was back to 95% and the mean particle size grew to 0.36 mm at the end of IIIb, the crystals coating on the seeds turned back to rod-like products of good stability. This study illustrated that the copper salt crystal could keep on growing on the seed grains for over 150 days, the feasibility and controllability of copper recovery by induced crystallization process in FBR were satisfactory, even under the dramatic changes in influent conditions.     

试论矿区生态重建

针对矿区土地复垦涉及学科多、面广,而我国矿区生态重建基础理论研究又十分薄弱,许多基本概念和问题尚未获得统一认识,呈现出零散、杂乱的现象。基于１０年矿区土地复垦科学研究的实践,分析了由矿区土地复垦到矿区生态重建的研究观念转变、矿区生态重建的基础理论,对矿区生态重建的概念、特点、范围、时间尺度进行了界定,探讨了矿区生态重建研究的认识（论）、方法（论）,并以平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例进行了验证。     

关于农业环境质量评价方法几个问题的探讨

从中国多年农业环境质量与评价工作入手,分析了农业环境质量评价的必要性及特点,探讨了农业环境质量评价的科学程序及与农业环境决策的关系。     

我国乡村城市化进程中的“小城镇病”

本文对我国城镇发展过程中出现的布局分散、土地利用粗放、集聚效应差和环境恶化进行分析,指出布局分散是“小城镇病”的根源之所在;作者认为从规模经济考虑,我国城镇发展方针应调整为：发挥大城市集聚一扩散效应,积极发展中小城市,有重点地选择性发展小城镇。     

Effects of soil properties on heavy metal accumulation in flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) in Pearl River Delta, China

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil properties on the heavy metal accumulation in flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) at the field scale. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and chromium (Cr) in topsoil and vegetable samples from Nanhai district of Foshan city in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) were analyzed. The results showed that 56.5% of the soil samples exceeded the grade II of the Chinese Soil Environmental Quality Standard (GB 15618-1995) for Hg concentrations, while 8.70% and 17.4% of the vegetable samples exceeded the criteria of the Chinese Safety Qualification of Agricultural Products (GB 18406.1-2001) for Cd and Hg concentrations, respectively. The calculated bio-concentration factor (BCF; i.e., the ratio of the metal concentration in the edible parts of flowering Chinese cabbage to that in soil) values were ranked as: Cd (0.1415) > Cr (0.0061) > Hg (0.0012) (p < 0.01), which demonstrated that Cd was easier to be accumulated in the edible parts of flowering Chinese cabbage than Hg and Cr. Furthermore, the following relationships between (bio-concentration factor) BCF values (BCFs) and soil physicochemical properties were concluded from our results: i) the mean BCFs of coarse-textured soils were higher than those of fine-textured soils; ii) the BCFs decreased with increasing soil pH; iii) the soils with high organic matter(OM) and Cation exchange capacity (CEC) have low BCFs, resulting from their high sorption capacities for Cd, Hg, and Cr. The stepwise linear multiple regression analyses showed that total metal concentrations and available calcium in soils were two main factors controlling the accumulation of Cd, Hg, and Cr in the flowering Chinese cabbage.