高锰酸钾预氧化强化混凝去除螺旋鱼腥藻的研究

以水华优势藻螺旋鱼腥藻为对象,研究不同高锰酸钾浓度氧化下,藻光合作用能力,藻液中Mn浓度,胞外有机物三维荧光和分子量分布的变化.研究发现高锰酸钾氧化作用主要在1 h内完成,1 h后藻液中残余Mn的含量达到1.23%~5.98%.藻光合能力随着高锰酸钾浓度上升而下降,随着高锰酸钾浓度升高,藻细胞分泌更多胞外有机物,同时藻细胞受到破坏,生成消毒副产物的前驱物腐殖酸.高锰酸钾预氧化1 h后进行混凝实验发现,藻的去除率显著升高,比直接混凝增加33.99%~36.35%.     

苯酚羟化酶基因工程菌表达优化及特性研究

利用表面响应法优化苯酚羟化酶基因工程菌(PH_IND)的生长条件(种龄、接种量)及表达条件(诱导OD600、IPTG浓度、诱导时间、诱导温度),并对其粗酶特性进行考察.实验结果表明,菌株PH_IND的最佳生长条件及表达条件为:种龄7.19h,接种量1.39%,诱导OD6000.54,IPTG浓度0.19mmol·L-1,诱导时间2.37h,诱导温度35℃,此时,苯酚羟化酶最大酶活力为0.6167U·mg-1.粗酶特性分析表明,苯酚羟化酶的最适pH和温度分别为8.0和40℃.Ba2+、Fe3+、Hg2+、Pb2+对苯酚羟化酶有明显促进作用,而Ca2+、Co2+、Cu2+、Mg2+、Mn2+对苯酚羟化酶有抑制作用.底物广谱性实验表明,苯酚羟化酶具有极强的芳香化合物降解能力.     

臭氧在蔬菜废弃物发酵液深度处理中的应用

研究了臭氧直接氧化对蔬菜废弃物好氧发酵液中8项主要污染物指标的影响。臭氧通量浓度设为1.67 mg/L,曝气时间分别选择30,60和120 min,考察了臭氧氧化对蔬菜废弃物发酵液中pH值、粪大肠菌群、COD、总氮、氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和总磷的作用效果。结果表明:随着曝气时间的延长,pH值呈不断升高的变化趋势;曝气时间120min,粪大肠菌群被全部去除,COD的去除率为31.7%;臭氧氧化过程中发酵液的各种氮素形态相互转化呈动态变化过程;随着臭氧投加时间的延长,总磷含量会略有上升。     

典型热带海滨城市臭氧污染特征与成因分析

为深入探究典型热带海滨城市环境空气臭氧(O₃)污染特征与成因,于2019年6～10月在海南省海口市城区站点开展O₃及其前体物观测实验,较为全面地分析了O₃污染特征,基于观测的模型(OBM)识别了O₃生成控制区,分析了O₃前体物敏感性,并开展了O₃前体物减排效果评估.结果表明：(1)海口市O₃污染主要出现在9月和10月,观测期间O₃日最大8h滑动平均值范围为39～190μg·m^-3,O₃日变化呈单峰型,于14:00左右达到峰值.(2)海口市超标日NO_x和VOCs浓度高于达标日,前体物浓度的升高是导致O₃污染的内在因素,同时O₃污染受区域传输影响,污染物主要来自于海口市东北部地区.(3)海口市O₃生成处于VOCs和NO_x协同控制区.9～10月O₃     

DDTC—TX—100胶束增溶直接光度法测定水中痕量铜

在ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００存在下，ＤＤＴＣ（二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠）与铜反应生成络合物Ｃｕ（ＤＤＴＣ）２有增溶增敏作用，建立了痕量铜的直接光度测定方法。该方法操作简便快捷，选择性［１］、精密度与准确度都较好，相对标准偏差为０８％～４３％，回收率为９６％～１０６％，摩尔吸光系数ε＝６４×１０３Ｌ／ｍｏｌ·     

ZnO NPs对水培小麦(Triticum aestivum L)种子不同发育阶段的影响

氧化锌纳米颗粒(ZnO NPs)是目前应用最为广泛的纳米材料之一,已有研究表明其对生物体具有显著的毒性效应。为了研究ZnO NPs的毒性与种子发育阶段的关系,选择小麦(Triticum aestivum L)作为受试植物,将处于不同发育阶段的小麦种子置入ZnO NPs悬浮液中进行培养,研究了ZnO NPs对水培小麦种子不同发育阶段的影响。结果表明,虽然ZnO NPs对处于吸胀阶段、萌动阶段和发芽阶段的小麦都可以产生毒性,但是毒性的大小随小麦发育阶段的不同而表现出明显的差异(P0.05)。在60 mg·L-1暴露浓度下,用ZnO NPs对处于吸胀阶段、萌动阶段和发芽阶段的小麦种子进行处理,小麦根长的抑制率分别为37.8%、80.2%和95.7%;就萌动阶段和发芽阶段而言,ZnO NPs的毒性与其浓度有关,浓度越大毒性越大,即具有显著的浓度效应。上述研究结果对于全面准确地评价ZnO NPs毒性具有重要的意义。     

Sources and seasonal variation of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dalian,China: Factor analysis with non-negative constraints combined with local source fingerprints

Vapor- and particulate-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) samples were continuously collected at an urban site in Dalian, China, during the heating and non-heating period. There is strong temperature dependence and obvious seasonal trend for atmospheric PAHs, and significant positive correlations of atmospheric PAHs with SO₂ and CO concentrations were observed. Factor analysis model with non-negative constraints (FA–NNC) combined with local and literature PAH source fingerprints was successful in source identification of particulate PAHs in the atmospheric samples. The results suggested that, in heating period, the main pollution sources were identified as coal-fired boiler emission (56%), residential coal combustion (33%) and traffic emissions (11%). As for non-heating period, the main sources were gasoline engine emission, traffic tunnel emission and coal-fired power plant, and the overall source contributions of traffic emission (gasoline engine + traffic tunnel) were 79% and coal-fired power plant 21%. The current results support our previous study and provide new insights. This can be the first attempt to quantitatively apportion air organic pollutants using receptor models combined with local source fingerprints. The source fingerprints can be used as reference data for source apportionment of atmospheric PAHs of China.     

Hydrological Variability and Uncertainty of Lower Missouri River Basin Under Changing Climate

The lower Missouri River Basin has experienced increasing streamflow and flooding events, with higher risk of extreme hydrologic impacts under changing climate. The newly available North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) climate projections were used as atmospheric forcing for Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model which runs with varying potential evapotranspiration (PET) methods to assess the hydrological change and uncertainty of 2040‐2069 over 1968‐1997. The NARCCAP temperature and precipitation predictions were refined using a bias correction method. The results show that, following the seasonal variability of precipitation, various water fluxes would increase in most seasons except the summer. Expected precipitation tends to increase in intensity with little change in frequency, triggering faster surface water concentration to form floods. The greatest streamflow increase would occur from November to February, increasing by around 10% on average. An increase of 3% occurs in the other months except for July and August in which river discharge decreases by around 2%. The climate predictions contribute more uncertainty annually, but PET algorithms gain more influence in winter or when other weather factors such as wind play a relatively more important role on evapotranspiration flux. This study predicts an even wetter environment compared to the historically very wet period, with the possibility of more flooding.     

DNA damage and repair process in earthworm after in-vivo and in vitro exposure to soils irrigated by wastewaters

In this study, DNA damage to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) after in vivo exposure to contaminated soils was measured by detecting DNA strand breakages (DSBs) and causality was analyzed through fractionation based bioassays. A non-linear dose-response relationship existed between DNA damage and total soil PAHs levels. DNA damage, measured with the comet assay, and its repair process, were observed. To identify the chemical causality, an in vitro comet assay using coelomocytes was subsequently performed on the fractionated organic extracts from soils. The results showed that the PAHs in the soils were responsible for the exerting genotoxic effects on earthworms. When normalized to benzo(a)pyrene toxic equivalent (TEQ(BaP)), the saturation dose in the dose-response curve was about 10ng TEQ(BaP) g(-1) soil (dw).     

Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from urban to rural soils: a case study in Dalian, China

To estimate the distribution and sources of soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in metropolitan and adjacent areas, soil samples were collected from urban, suburban and rural locations of Dalian, China, and concentrations of 14 PAHs were determined. The spatial PAH profiles were site-specific and determined by the sources close to the sampling sites. PAH concentrations decreased significantly along the urban-suburban-rural transect. The gradient implied that the fractionation effect influenced PAH distribution. Bivariate plots of selected diagnostic ratios showed general trends of co-variation and allowed to distinguish samples taken from different areas. An improved method, factor analysis (FA) with nonnegative constrains, was used to determine the primary sources and contributions of PAHs in soils. The FA model showed traffic average (74%) and coal related residential emission (26%) were two primary sources to Dalian soils. In addition, the FA model provided reasonable explanations for PAH contributions in soils from different sites. The results suggest that FA with nonnegative constraints is a promising tool for source apportionment of PAHs in soils.