四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对中肋骨条藻的毒性效应研究

为研究四溴双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol A,TBBPA)对海洋微藻的毒性效应,本文设置五个不同浓度组(0、1.0、5.0、10.0、20.0 mg·L-1)进行中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)培养实验,在96 h内取样分析其光合色素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化。结果表明,较低浓度组(1.0和5.0 mg·L-1)叶绿素a、叶绿素c和类胡萝卜素含量48 h之前被显著诱导,最大值出现在24 h;较高浓度组(10.0和20.0 mg·L-1)三种色素含量在48 h之前被显著抑制,24 h达最低值;72 h之后各浓度组均恢复到对照组水平。不同浓度TBBPA胁迫下,中肋骨条藻的可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性和MDA含量一般被显著诱导,SOD活性和MDA含量在72 h和96 h时随TBBPA浓度升高而增加。虽然1.0 mg·L-1TBBPA对中肋骨条藻生长不具有可观测效应,但已影响到其生理生化指标。目前海水中TBBPA浓度较低,尚不会对中肋骨条藻产生毒性影响。     

社会重大活动安全影响因素分析

影响社会重大活动安全性的因素有很多,而且这些因素之间相互联系、相互影响,对大型活动安全的影响程度也各不相同,根据系统工程理论,从人、物、环境和管理4个方面以及活动本身特性对社会重大活动的安全影响因素进行分析。     

Responses of the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to sublethal aluminium levels in an artificial soil substrate

Industrial discharges of Al are increasingly common. In this study, the activities of three antioxidases, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and changes in coelomocytes were investigated in earthworms (Eisenia andrei) exposed to different concentrations of aluminium chloride (range 0–200 mg Al kg^?1 dry soil) in artificial soils for 32 days. Within the first 16 days of Al exposure, catalase activity was elevated in most treatments, while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were inhibited in all treatments. After 16 days exposure, SOD and GSH-Px activities returned to normal at lower Al concentrations, but were still inhibited at higher concentrations, hence the inhibition of SOD and GSH-Px showed some exposure-level dependence during the late exposure phase. MDA content was significantly elevated from 16 days after initial exposure. Neutral Red retention time of coelomocytes decreased at the highest exposure concentrations after 32 days, and an increased proportion of cells showing membrane damage was also observed at this time using flow cytometry. We conclude that excessive Al in soils can cause oxidative stress and cell damage in earthworms. Hence, Al accumulation in the environment may present an ecological hazard through suppression of the important functions of earthworms in soil ecosystems.     

马拉硫磷和百菌清胁迫下斑马鱼行为变化的研究

以马拉硫磷和百菌清为胁迫因子,本文研究了2种污染物暴露下斑马鱼行为强度的变化。首先通过急性毒性试验确定了2种农药对斑马鱼24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半致死浓度(LC50),其次以LC50-48 h为1个染毒单位(TU),在0.01 TU、0.1 TU、0.5 TU、1 TU、2 TU 5个条件下,本文开展了斑马鱼行为学研究。结果显示,48 h马拉硫磷暴露斑马鱼的LC50为5 mg·L~(-1),百菌清暴露斑马鱼的LC50为0.01 mg·L~(-1)。随着污染物浓度增大,综合行为强度变化幅度增大。在设置的暴露浓度下,斑马鱼的行为强度在急剧增大或减小后都出现了明显的调节适应过程,基本符合环境压力模型。通过比较在不同频率下的影响强度,马拉硫磷和百菌清暴露斑马鱼摆鳍所受影响最大。本研究提示,水质监测中可增加斑马鱼摆鳍观察指标。     

Comparative genotoxicity of water processed by three drinking water treatment plants with different water treatment procedures

• Genotoxicity of substances is unknown in the water after treatment processes. • Genotoxicity decreased by activated carbon treatment but increased by chlorination. • Halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds contribute to genotoxicity. • Genotoxicity was assessed by umu test; acute and chronic toxicity by ECOSAR. • Inconsistent results confirmed that genotoxicity cannot be assessed by ECOSAR. Advanced water treatment is commonly used to remove micropollutants such as pesticides, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and disinfection byproducts in modern drinking water treatment plants. However, little attention has been paid to the changes in the genotoxicity of substances remaining in the water following the different water treatment processes. In this study, samples were collected from three drinking water treatment plants with different treatment processes. The treated water from each process was analyzed and compared for genotoxicity and the formation of organic compounds. The genotoxicity was evaluated by an umu test, and the acute and chronic toxicity was analyzed through Ecological Structure- Activity Relationship (ECOSAR). The results of the umu test indicated that biological activated carbon reduced the genotoxicity by 38%, 77%, and 46% in the three drinking water treatment plants, respectively, while chlorination increased the genotoxicity. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were major contributors to genotoxicity. The results of ECOSAR were not consistent with those of the umu test. Therefore, we conclude that genotoxicity cannot be determined using ECOSAR .     

Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

•Harbin showed relatively high threshold RH (80%) for apparent increase of SOR. •The observed SOR were at the lower end of the ratios from Beijing’s winter. •Temperature-dependent increase of NOR was sharper than that of SOR. • NOR increased with stronger biomass burning impact but SOR was largely unchanged. Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) was investigated during a six-month long heating season in Harbin, China. Enhanced sulfate formation was observed at high relative humidity (RH), with the same threshold RH (80%) for both colder and warmer measurement periods. Compared to wintertime results from Beijing, the threshold RH was considerably higher in Harbin, whereas the RH-dependent enhancement of sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) was less significant. In addition, the high RH events were rarely encountered, and for other periods, the SOR were typically as low as ~0.1. Therefore, the sulfate formation was considered inefficient in this study. After excluding the several cases with high RH, both SOR and the nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) exhibited increasing trends as the temperature increased, with the increase of NOR being sharper. The nitrate to sulfate ratio tended to increase with increasing temperature as well. Based on a semi-quantitative approach, this trend was attributed primarily to the temperature-dependent variations of precursors including SO₂ and NO₂. The influence of biomass burning emissions on SIA formation was also evident. With stronger impact of biomass burning, an enhancement in NOR was observed whereas SOR was largely unchanged. The different patterns were identified as the dominant driver of the larger nitrate to sulfate ratios measured at higher concentrations of fine particulate matter.     

Prenatal air pollution exposure increases the risk of macrosomia: evidence from a prospective cohort study in the coastal area of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Effects of prenatal ambient air pollution exposure could increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, which have been well documented by various...     

新型BOD微生物传感流动注射检测仪的研制

研制采用微生物传感技术和流动分析技术来快速测定BOD的仪器。主要技术性能:测量周期为15min;误差率<5%;偏差<5%。通过对国家标准样品和不同水质污水的测试表明,其具有自动化程度高,测量周期短的优点;准确度、稳定性均达到国家标准;且具有良好的适应性。     

催化湿式氧化法处理高浓度有机废水的动力学模型

在２７０℃、８．８ＭＰａ条件下用催化湿式氧化法试验处理高浓度工业有机废水,反应时间１０￣１５ｍｉｎ时,废水中ＴＯＣ浓度可由１７９００ｍｇ／Ｌ降至１００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下。针对这一多相催化氧化反应过程,以ＴＯＣ为目标污染和,研究建立了涉及液、气、固三相的反应动力学模型。反应时间、瓜器ＴＯＣ浓度、反应压力和反应温度等主要因素对反应器净化ＴＯＣ性能影响的试验表明,该模型计算值与实验值有很好的相关性（相关系数Ｒ     

袋式除尘器在电炉烟尘治理上的应用

结合工程实例，介绍了“低阻、中温、大流量”除尘系统工艺在电炉上的应用，以及除尘系统各组成部分的性能特点和所采用的关键技术，阐述了关键技术的理论依据、设计原则和设计参数。