浙江省排污权有偿使用价格的实例研究

以浙江省各地市排污权有偿使用价格为基础进行研究,介绍了浙江省排污权初始价格计算方法和浙江省各试点地区相关情况,进行了影响排污权有偿使用价格的相关性分析,提出影响排污权有偿使用价格的回归分析,文中运用实证分析,就排污权有偿使用价格与影响其价格的各个因子分别进行了单因素的相关性分析和多因素的线性回归分析,得出回归模型,认为污染治理成本大小对价格有着显著的影响,污染治理法是现阶段理想的初始排污权定价方法.     

石化企业35kV输电线路防雷对策研究

采用ATP-EMTP仿真软件建立有无避雷线输电线路的仿真模型,并考虑接地电阻、档距大小,进行仿真比较.结果表明:杆塔塔顶电压与接地电阻成正比,并呈线性增加,随着电阻值增加,杆塔塔顶电压增加越来越快;当杆塔水平档距小于100 m时,直击杆塔塔顶电压随档距的增加呈线性增长,当档距大于100 m时,杆塔塔顶电压的变化就不明显了;验证35 kV线路全线架设避雷线可有效降低输电线路杆塔塔顶电压幅值,提出石化企业35 kV输电线路应全线架设避雷线.     

浅谈顺序控制工艺过程的HAZOP分析技术

结合顺序控制工艺过程的功能特点,将连续操作工艺危害时使用的传统HAZOP分析技术中的引导词进行重新定义,以间歇式加氢反应工艺流程为例,对各工艺操作步骤的执行顺序进行偏差分析,找出程序执行过早、过晚或不执行时对安全操作的影响以及导致该后果的原因,并提出适当的建议措施,力争在设计阶段将风险降至最低.     

钛负载纳米Pd粒子电极的电化学催化性能研究

采用电化学沉积法将纳米钯粒子负载在钛板上,制备钛负载纳米钯粒子的NanoPd/Ti电极.利用循环伏安法和线性扫描伏安法对比研究NanoPd/Ti电极与Ti电极的电化学性能,以及分别对氯苯和硝基苯模拟废水电化学催化性能,表明NanoPd/Ti电极循环伏安过程出现新的氧化峰和还原峰,反应电位明显正移,反应过程峰电流也明显增大.通过降解实验,NanoPd/Ti电极可以在更低电压,更短时间内达到更好CODcr去除效果.     

木兰县饮用水源地水质状况分析研究

2012年木兰县监测站对木兰县饮用水源地水质状况进行了监测,监测了六项常规的监测项目,其中包括:pH、总硬度、铁、锰、浑浊度、总大肠菌群.通过这些监测数据可知,木兰县饮用水源地中pH、总硬度、浑浊度均能达到中国《生活饮用水卫生标准》和国家《地下水质量标准》(GB 14848-93)规定,总大肠菌群四个季度均未检出,但铁的含量在第三季度出现超标情况,锰的含量在第一、二、三季度出现超标,本文分析了超标的成因及处理的方法,并提出建议.     

松果去除水体中左氧氟沙星的研究

以松果为原料制备生物吸附剂,通过等温吸附模型和吸附动力学模型对吸附过程进行拟合,分析松果对左氧氟沙星的吸附特征,并考察了左氧氟沙星的最佳吸附条件.结果表明,最佳的吸附条件为pH为8,温度为40℃,吸附剂用量为0.8 g/L,最大吸附量为104.17 mg/g.吸附过程能较好被准二级动力学方程(R2＞0.99)和Langmuir等温吸附模型(R2 ＞0.99)拟合.以农业废弃物松果制备出价廉、高效的新型生物吸附剂,为水体中抗生素的处理提供了一种新的方法.     

秸秆沼气综合利用项目运营期的环境影响评价研究

根据环境影响评价的方法和导则,分析了秸秆沼气综合利用项目运营期对环境产生的不良影响,预测和评价了运营期的大气、废水和噪声污染.结果表明,运营期排放的废水可以满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准;烟(粉)尘、SO2是大气污染物的主要成分,项目高噪设备在厂界四周的噪声叠加值满足噪声排放标准.同时提出了相应的环保措施,总结了此类项目环境影响评价的特点.     

不同污泥龄膜生物反应器内微生物的群落结构特征

为研究不同污泥龄MBR(膜生物反应器)内的微生物群落结构特征,构建了SRT(污泥龄)分别为10、20、40和80 d的4个平行的MBR,通过PCR-DGGE技术获得各MBR内微生物的DNA指纹图谱,并对条带进行切胶测序. 结果表明,SRT不影响MBR对废水的处理效果,不同SRT下MBR对NH₄+-N和COD_Cr的去除率均能达到90%以上. DGGE结果表明,在运行过程中,各MBR内的微生物群落结构均发生了明显变化,并且不同SRT的MBR内总细菌群落结构变化特征相同;SRT影响同一微生物在各MBR中的出现速率;总细菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和丰富度指数均随着SRT的增加而升高,SRT为80 d的MBR内Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高. 测序结果表明,不同SRT的MBR内的优势种属不同,其中Arcobacter sp.、beta proteobacterium及Thiothrix sp.为不同SRT的MBR中共同存在的关键菌属,对MBR的运行起着重要作用.      

Water chemistry controlled aggregation and photo-transformation of silver nanoparticles in environmental waters

The inevitable release of engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into aquatic environments has drawn great concerns about its environmental toxicity and safety. Although aggregation and transformation play crucial roles in the transport and toxicity of AgNPs, how the water chemistry of environmental waters influences the aggregation and transformation of engineered AgNPs is still not well understood. In this study, the aggregation of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated AgNPs was investigated in eight typical environmental water samples (with different ionic strengths, hardness, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations) by using UV–visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. Raman spectroscopy was applied to probe the interaction of DOM with the surface of AgNPs. Further, the photo-transformation and morphology changes of AgNPs in environmental waters were studied by UV–visible spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The results suggested that both electrolytes (especially Ca^2 + and Mg^2 +) and DOM in the surface waters are key parameters for AgNP aggregation, and sunlight could accelerate the morphology change, aggregation, and further sedimentation of AgNPs. This water chemistry controlled aggregation and photo-transformation should have significant environmental impacts on the transport and toxicity of AgNPs in the aquatic environments.     

Serious BTEX pollution in rural area of the North China Plain during winter season

Atmospheric BTEX compounds(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) in a rural site of the North China Plain(NCP) were preliminarily investigated in winter, and the outdoor concentrations(25.8–236.0 μg/m3) were found to be much higher than those reported in urban regions. The pollution of BTEX inside a farmer's house was even more serious, with combined concentrations of 254.5–1552.9 μg/m3. Based on the ratio of benzene to toluene(1.17 ± 0.34) measured, the serious BTEX pollution in the rural site was mainly ascribed to domestic coal combustion for heating during the winter season. With the enhancement of farmers' incomes in recent years, coal consumption by farmers in the NCP is rapidly increasing to keep their houses warm, and hence the serious air pollution in rural areas of the NCP during winter, including BTEX, should be paid great attention.