Land User Participation in Developing a Computerised Decision Support System for Combating Desertification

Combating desertification in natural rangelands has recently become a priority in large parts of southern Africa. Rangeland managers, farmers, scientists, conservationists and land users have been applying a variety of restoration technologies to address this problem. Bush encroachment, as part of the desertification process, involves the natural replacement of the herbaceous plant cover by undesirable problem woody species. The active and passive restoration technologies that are applied, are mainly based on indigenous knowledge and include the chemical, mechanical or manual reclamation of unproductive rangelands, as well as the combating of woody and alien species encroachment. Indigenous practices and knowledge play a major role in the effectiveness and success rate of these technologies. This project faces the challenge of bringing together both local and scientific knowledge in a single user-friendly, computerised Decision Support System (DSS) which is directly accessible by land users to support them in the process of decision making, concerning the combating of desertification. Case studies from central and northern Namibia were used to combine qualitative and quantitative data to develop this Decision Support System. The DSS currently consists of two databases and an expert system, which evaluates the results of land users’ management practices, and provides easily accessible information and advice for participants in the system, based on the incorporated data. The DSS is also linked to national and international web sites and databases to offer a wider range of information on technologies concerning agricultural and conservation practices.     

基于N，N─二甲基苯胺与NO_2~－─对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐的偶联反应示波极谱法测定NO_2~－

报道了利用Ｎ，Ｎ─二甲基苯胺为偶联试剂的Ｃｒｉｅｓｓ反应以示波极谱法测定ＮＯ_２~－的测试方法。在拟定的实验条件下，ＮＯ_２~－在４．０×１０~－３～４．８×１０~－１μｇ／ｍｌ范围内与极谱波波高呈良好的线性关系。环境水测定的相对标准偏差小于ｌ％，回收率在９７％～１０１％之间。     

切合实际 抓好桂林的环保工作

桂林是一个风景游览城市和历史文化名城,在实施可持续发展战略中,如何依法保护环境,对于促进桂林的经济发展与社会进步有着尤其重要的作用.60、70年代,桂林盲目发展重工业、化工工业,工业污染和生活污染迅速上升,严重地破坏了桂林秀丽的自然环境,阻碍了桂林经济的发展.实践证明,这种与桂林城市性质相违背的发展形式是不可取的.改革开放20年来,桂林市吸取教训,高度重视环境保护工作,提出不以牺牲环境为代价来换取经济可持续发展的战略思想,环境污     

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of diene modified analogs of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Matsucoccus</Emphasis> sex pheromones

The biological activity of the Matsucoccus spp. sex pheromones and diene modified analogs has been tested in forests of Israel and Portugal in order to explore the structure-activity relationship of the pine bast scale pheromone/kairomone system. The response of the adult predatory bugs, Elatophilus hebraicus and E. crassicornis and of the brown lacewing, Hemerobius stigma is more selective than that of the conspecific Matsucoccus males. The removal of the terminal methyl group from the diene terminus of both pheromones 1 and 2 eliminates all kairomonal activity but retains moderate pheromonal activity. Addition of a methyl group to the diene terminus of pheromones 1 and 2 sustains full pheromonal and kairomonal activities of the Elatophilus spp. but eliminates entirely the kairomonal activity of H. stigma. Subtle designed alterations in the structure of the diene group, typical of all Matsucoccus pheromones, change the mode of the kairomonal activity markedly.     

论第四纪埋藏古土壤

古土壤是过去景观中形成的土壤,它可能是被埋藏的或出露于地表的。埋藏古土壤是指被更年青的沉积物所复盖的古土壤,出露于地表的古土壤则称为残余的古土壤。古土壤的某些性质是由于过去的气候,地形和排水状况造成的。由于侵蚀重新出露于地表的古土壤称之为剥露的古土壤。     

硫磺尾气回收治理技术交流会在京召开

1988年6月20日21月,中石化总公司环保处和技改处在北京组织召开了硫磺尾气回收治理技术交流会。参加会议的有生产部秦瑞歧总工程师,环保处、技攻处的领导以及来自胜利炼油厂、长岭炼油厂、南京炼油厂、扬子石化公司、洛阳设计院和环保中心站等单位对硫磺尾气回收治理技术有丰富经验的同志。交流会上,大家对斯柯特、比文、萨尔弗林、CBA 等尾气回收方法进行了充分的讨论,     

我国氧化塘工程技术进展初探

<正> 氧化塘净化污水技术发展至今已有三百多年历史,历经了初创、衰落和复兴三个曲折发展阶段。现在利用的氧化塘工程技术是以科学理论为依据、采用人工强化措施与自然净化相结合的新型净水技术,与原始的氧化塘技术相比,已发生了根本性的变化。据1988年调查,我国已建设85座氧化塘,处理污水总量170万t/d,占全国污水排放总量的2%,与1985年调查统计的38座氧化塘相     

鱼肉组织苯胺类和硝基苯的比色测定

水样中苯胺和硝基苯的测定方法,国内外已有报道。但水生生物体中这类化合物的测定。尚未见有文献介绍。我们以蒸馏偶氮比色法测定了鱼体中的苯胺类、硝基苯类化合物。一、苯胺类的测定(一)原理在酸性条件下,芳香族伯胺类化合物与亚硝酸盐重氮化后,再与盐酸 N(1-萘基)乙烯二胺偶合,生成紫红色染料。在550nm 波长处,比     

大陆壳演化的动力学和地球化学机制(一)(二)

<正> (一)大陆壳演化的动力学地壳的氧同位素组成可以在一种模式的基础上加以理解。按照这一模式,大陆是在地球历史发展过程中通过沿裂谷带上升的大洋壳和沿俯冲带下插的洋壳之间的相互作用而形成的。然后,通过下插洋壳的部分熔融而形成沿俯冲带上升的岩浆。根据这个模式,可以通过下式描绘出大陆壳的演化:     

环境致癌作用的流行病学展望(节译)

<正> 一般认为,对癌症的病因,包括环境及其它方面的病因,目前所知甚少;但如从流行病学观点来看,对环境致癌作用还是有相当认识的。但首先要澄清“环境”一词的涵义。从流行病学方面看来,除个体从其亲代接受的遗传物质以外的其它任何影响,皆可称之为“环境”。因此,环境这一概念可以有条件地称之为“接触”(exposure),有时接触的是单一物质或因子,而较经常接触的则是复杂的混合物质。由于接触经常是混合性的,一般可包括职业性、居住条件、地理性或长时间的接触等。有人将各地癌症发生率作了比较,认为多达90％的癌症与环境有关。必须指出,这里包括的是