不同行业点源产生VOCs气体的特征分析

在调研552个工业VOCs点源案例的基础上,采用Origin 7.5软件统计分析了不同行业产生VOCs气体的特征. 结果表明:工业点源产生VOCs气体的流量主要分布在103~105m3/h之间;其中,食品制造业,木材加工,印刷业和木、竹、藤、棕、草制品业等产生的VOCs气体流量较高,在104~105 m3/h之间. 各工业点源产生的ρ(TVOC)(VOCs气体质量浓度)主要分布在102~104mg/m3之间;其中,非金属矿物制品业、农副食品加工业、石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业、化学原料及化学制品制造业等行业产生的ρ(TVOC)较高,在103~104mg/m3之间. 化学原料及化学制品制造业、医药制造业产生的VOCs种类较多;各行业产生的典型VOCs包括苯类、酯类、醇类、醛类、酮类等. 该研究成果可为相关行业开展点源VOCs污染治理和控制技术选择提供参考依据.      

The combination of chemical,structural, and functional indicators to evaluate the anthropogenic impacts on agricultural stream ecosystems

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Freshwater contamination by pesticides in agricultural landscapes is of increasing concern worldwide, with strong pesticide impacts on biodiversity,...     

Biodegradation of shells of the black pearl oyster,Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingii,by microborers and sponges of French Polynesia

The composition, distribution and infestation sequence of organisms that destroy the commercially valuable shells of the black oyster Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingii Jameson, 1901 were studied. Three ecologically different groups of boring (euendolithic) organisms were identified: (1) phototrophic boring microorganisms (cyanobacteria, Hyella caespitosa, Hyella sp., Mastigocoleus testarum, Plectonema terebrans, and green algae, Phaeophila dendroides, Ostreobium quekettii); (2) heterotrophic boring microorganisms (fungi, Ostracoblabe implexa); (3) filter-feeding boring organisms (sponges, Cliona margaritiferae, C. vastifica). The phototrophic endoliths dominate the external pristmatic region of the shell, whereas the valuable interior nacreous region is attacked mainly by heterotrophs. Boring patterns reflect in part the shape and behaviour of the organisms and in part the structural properties of the shell, and inflict different types of damage. Infestation starts with microbial borers, which prepare the conditions for later invasion by more damaging clionid sponges. The infestation begins always at the apex, the oldest part of the shells, from which the periostracum is often removed by natural attrition or by cleaning procedure. The rate of bioerosion in 1 yr-old hatchery shells is 36 times higher than in natural populations.     

鞍山市倪家台地热田水化学特征及其演化机制

水化学分析结果表明,鞍山市倪家台地下热水属于HCO3.SO4-Na和SO4.HCO3-Na型水,且含有氟、锶和二氧化硅等多种矿物成分.由构建的硅-焓混合模型得出倪家台地区地下热水已有大量冷水混入,且混入比例介于67%—83%之间,水温下降的诱因是该区域过量开采地热水,在这种人为的长期干扰作用下,增大了上部含水层冷水对下部地热水的补给量,对今后可持续利用该区域地热资源构成了严重的威胁.     

Real time alteration of a nuclear waste glass and remobilization of lanthanide into an interphase

The development of predictive models for the long term evolution of nuclear waste glass requires the complete knowledge of the glass dissolution at the laboratory scale. A new approach was developed to determine the initial reaction during the first steps of experience, a new concept was developed, based on the combination of dynamic leaching test and the characterization of the altered materials. With this experimental set-up it is possible to follow in real time the glass alteration process at a fine temporal scale. The results put in evidence a singular behaviour of the lanthanide, shown by a concentration peak of La, Nd and Ce after 2 h and a quick decrease of their concentration measured on line in the solution during the leaching test. This fact is directly linked to the development of an interphase (altered layer which differs from the initial solid by its texture, structure and chemical composition) at the interface of the glass surface and the leaching solution. This work is an attempt to integrate the formation of the alteration products (here the interphase) during leaching into the dissolution mechanisms of a nuclear waste glass. A model is proposed and discussed.     

不同轮作模式下作物根际土壤养分及真菌群落组成特征

为研究宁夏中部干旱带不同轮作模式下土壤养分及真菌群落组成的特征,以谷子轮作大豆(MRG)、轮作籽粒苋(MRA)、轮作藜麦(MRQ)及谷子连作(CK)为对象,测定了土壤养分含量,并利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序平台测定了土壤真菌的ITS变异区序列.结果表明,不同轮作模式对土壤养分的影响存在差异.3种轮作模式下土壤pH和电导率均有所下降,土壤全氮、全钾、全磷和有机质含量均上升,OTUs数和α多样性指数均高于连作.真菌群落组成研究结果显示,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为4种模式下的优势菌群.聚类分析显示MRA和MRG的真菌属组成最为相似,其次是MRQ, CK与3种轮作模式相差较大.相关性分析显示,土壤养分与几种优势真菌属呈显著相关性(P<0.05或P<0.01),土壤全氮、全钾、硝态氮和有机质含量是影响土壤真菌群落最主要的因子.主成分分析(PCA)表明,MRG轮作模式优于MRA和MRQ模式.综上所述,轮作提高了真菌群落多样性指数,改变了土壤真菌群落结构,改善了土壤肥力状况,其中以谷子与大豆轮作效果最佳,建议将谷豆轮作作为中部干旱带杂粮产业中主要的轮作模式之一进行推...     

南京冬季典型霾天气过程多元对比分析

选取2017～2020南京地区冬季3个典型霾天气过程,综合分析了霾天气过程中污染物、气象要素以及边界层条件等影响机制与特征变化.结果表明,3次过程中,AQI指数峰值分别为304(严重污染)、227(重度污染)与176(中度污染),且与PM2.5、PM10浓度变化基本趋于一致,PM25与PM10比值基本都大于0.7;污染...     

嘉陵江入江河段沉积物重金属污染状况评估

为了解三峡水库175 m蓄水前典型支流沉积物中重金属污染程度及其对水生生物的风险状况,在对嘉陵江入江断面10余年连续监测的基础上,利用地积累指数法对金属污染程度进行了评价,采用对数衰减模型对金属污染产生水生生物毒害的风险进行了评估,使用对数衰减模型进行毒性评估在国内尚属首次.评价结果表明,嘉陵江入江断面沉积物污染程度较轻,对水生生物风险较小,各污染物的污染程度大小排列次序为:Hg＞Zn＞Pb＞Cd＞As＞Cu;各污染物对嘉陵江水生生物构成风险的排列次序为:Hg＞Zn＞Pb＞As＞Cd＞Cu.     

基于颗粒物浓度的沙尘天气分级标准研究

沙尘天气在近年对我国城市空气质量造成明显影响。目前我国沙尘天气分级仍然按照气象标准 ,主要是以水平能见度进行分级。文章参考国外的有关标准 ,通过统计近年来我国沙尘天气过程中的颗粒物浓度 ,结合我国沙尘天气的发生情况和特点 ,提出了基于沙尘浓度的沙尘天气分级标准