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191.
The local impacts of industrial pollution can take many forms and—whilst uncertain in their scale, severity and distribution—are widely recognised. The question of who in society potentially experiences these impacts through living near to emission sources has been little explored, at least in the UK. This paper reports on a study carried out for the Environment Agency, which examined the distribution of sites coming within the Industrial Pollution Control (IPC) regime against patterns of deprivation. Our analysis provides evidence of a socially unequal distribution of IPC sites in England, with sites disproportionately located and clustered together in deprived areas and near to deprived populations. In discussing these results we emphasise the methodological limitations of this form of environmental justice analysis and the crucial differences between proximity, risk and impact. We also consider the distinction between inequality and injustice and the difficult policy questions which arise when evaluating evidence of environmental inequality, including potential grounds for policy intervention. 相似文献
192.
George Myerson Yvonne Rydin Carolyn Harrison Marjorie Mayo Patsy Healey Jon Vernon Nick Williams Tim Brindley Ted Trainer Allan R. Jones Judy Walker 《Local Environment》1997,2(3):329-345
Green Culture: environmental rhetoric in contemporary America. C. G. Herndl & S. C. Brown (Eds), 1996, Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin Press, 315 pp. ISBN 0 229 14990 0, £35.95 (hbk) ISBN 0 299 14994 3, £17.50 (pbk)
Earthtalk: communication empowerment for environmental action. S. A. Muir & T. L. Veenendall, 1996, Westport, CT, Praeger, Praeger Series in Political Communication, 233 pp. ISBN 0 275 953700 X, £47.95
Environmentalism and Cultural Theory. Kay Milton, 1996 London & New York, Routledge, 266 pp. ISBN 0 415 115529 9, £45.00 (hbk) ISBN 0 415 11530 2, £13.99 (pbk)
Local Environmental Struggles: citizen activism in the treadmill of production. Kenneth A. Gould, Allan Schnaiberg & Adam S. Weinberg, 1996, Cambridge University Press, 239 pp. ISBN 0 521 55519 1, £40.00 (hbk) ISBN 0 521 55521 3, £14.95 (pbk)
The Language of Environment: a new rhetoric. George Myerson & Yvonne Rydin, 1996 London, UCL Press, 264 pp. ISBN 1 85728 330 9, £35.00 (hbk) ISBN 1 85728 331 7, £11.95 (pbk)
Environmental Issues and Business: implications of a changing agenda. Sally Eden, 1996, Chichester, Wiley, ISBN 0 471 94872 1, £25.00
Green Shift: towards a green sensibility in architecture. John Farmer, edited by Kenneth Richardson, 1996, Oxford, Butterworth Architecture, with World-Wide Fund for Nature, ISBN 07506 15303
Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: the politics of planning. Mark Luccarelli, 1995, New York, Guilford Press, ISBN 1572300019, £19.95
The Ecology of Hope: communities collaborate for sustainability. Ted Bernard & Jora Young, 1997, East Haven, CT, New Society Publishers, 233 pp. ISBN 0 86571 355 33 (pbk)
Turning the Tide: integrated local area management for Australia's coastal zone. Valerie A. Brown, 1995, Canberra, Australia, Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories
Involving Communities in Forestry through Community Participation. Forestry Practice Guide 10, Forestry Commission
The Scope for Community Participation in Forest Management. A Report for the Forestry Commission and Scottish Office by Bill Slee, Gill Clark & Patrick Snowdon, £10 (£15 non UK)
The Role of Woodlands in Meeting Planning Objectives in Great Britain. A Report for the Forestry Commission by Professor Paul Selman 相似文献
Earthtalk: communication empowerment for environmental action. S. A. Muir & T. L. Veenendall, 1996, Westport, CT, Praeger, Praeger Series in Political Communication, 233 pp. ISBN 0 275 953700 X, £47.95
Environmentalism and Cultural Theory. Kay Milton, 1996 London & New York, Routledge, 266 pp. ISBN 0 415 115529 9, £45.00 (hbk) ISBN 0 415 11530 2, £13.99 (pbk)
Local Environmental Struggles: citizen activism in the treadmill of production. Kenneth A. Gould, Allan Schnaiberg & Adam S. Weinberg, 1996, Cambridge University Press, 239 pp. ISBN 0 521 55519 1, £40.00 (hbk) ISBN 0 521 55521 3, £14.95 (pbk)
The Language of Environment: a new rhetoric. George Myerson & Yvonne Rydin, 1996 London, UCL Press, 264 pp. ISBN 1 85728 330 9, £35.00 (hbk) ISBN 1 85728 331 7, £11.95 (pbk)
Environmental Issues and Business: implications of a changing agenda. Sally Eden, 1996, Chichester, Wiley, ISBN 0 471 94872 1, £25.00
Green Shift: towards a green sensibility in architecture. John Farmer, edited by Kenneth Richardson, 1996, Oxford, Butterworth Architecture, with World-Wide Fund for Nature, ISBN 07506 15303
Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: the politics of planning. Mark Luccarelli, 1995, New York, Guilford Press, ISBN 1572300019, £19.95
The Ecology of Hope: communities collaborate for sustainability. Ted Bernard & Jora Young, 1997, East Haven, CT, New Society Publishers, 233 pp. ISBN 0 86571 355 33 (pbk)
Turning the Tide: integrated local area management for Australia's coastal zone. Valerie A. Brown, 1995, Canberra, Australia, Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories
Involving Communities in Forestry through Community Participation. Forestry Practice Guide 10, Forestry Commission
The Scope for Community Participation in Forest Management. A Report for the Forestry Commission and Scottish Office by Bill Slee, Gill Clark & Patrick Snowdon, £10 (£15 non UK)
The Role of Woodlands in Meeting Planning Objectives in Great Britain. A Report for the Forestry Commission by Professor Paul Selman 相似文献
193.
Professor Jacob A. Canick Ph.D. Leonard H. Kellner Devereux N. Saller Jr Glenn E. Palomaki Roger P. Walker Rapin Osathanondh 《黑龙江环境通报》1995,15(8):739-744
Urinary gonadotropin peptide (UGP; β-core fragment), a major metabolite of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), was shown recently to be markedly elevated in Down syndrome pregnancy between 19 and 22 weeks of gestation. To confirm and extend this finding, we obtained maternal urine and matching maternal serum samples from 14 cases of Down syndrome and six other aneuploidies between 17 and 21 weeks of gestation. UGP was measured in all these samples and in 91 singleton control urines. Results were corrected for urinary creatinine level and expressed as multiples of the control median (MOM). hCG levels were assayed in all serum samples from the cases and compared with previously established reference values. The median UGP level in Down syndrome cases was 5.34 MOM (range 2.71–12.57); 88 per cent of the values were above the 95th centile of control levels after modelling. The median maternal serum hCG level for the same cases was 2.20 MOM (range 0.84–3.40); 36 per cent of the values were above the 95th centile. The level of UGP in every case including all other aneuploidies was higher than the comparable maternal serum hCG level. Elevated UGP measurements are strongly associated with fetal Down syndrome during the second trimester and could contribute to improved Down syndrome screening protocols that are more accessible and less expensive than are currently available. 相似文献
194.
Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Lily Harperocallis flava and a Close Relative, Tofieldia racemosa 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We examined genetic diversity in 464 individuals of the monotypic lily Harperocallis flava in its two habitats (seepage bogs and a roadside right-of-way) and five populations of a co-occurring related lily, Tofieldia racemosa. The endangered H. flava, endemic to the Apalachicola lowlands of the Florida panhandle, was monomorphic for the 22 loci scored. In contrast, T. racemosa had a high proportion of polymorphic loci ( Ps = 68.2%; Pp = 47.7%) with moderate genetic diversity ( Hes = 0.134; Hep = 0.114). Estimated gene flow was moderately high ( Nm = 2.07) for T. racemosa, with most (93%) of the total genetic diversity found within populations. Despite the low level of genetic divergence, some isolation by distance was detected among T. racemosa populations. Harperocallis flava and other species without discernable genetic variation pose special problems for conservation biologists because genetic criteria are not available for the development of ex situ and in situ conservation and management strategies. 相似文献
195.
This paper extends earlier work on the standards and prices approach to pollution control by considering simultaneously spatial considerations, interactive pollutants, and joint abatement costs. The form of environmental constraints appropriate to water pollution problems is discussed in detail and the implications for the standards and prices approach to water pollution control are assessed. The presence of interactive pollutants and joint abatement costs is shown to have important implications for both the theoretical properties and the implementation of the standards and prices approach. 相似文献
196.
David Pepper Sally Eden Gordon Walker Susie Ohlenschlager Bob Roper Mary Blake Ros Taplin Simon Batterbury 《Local Environment》1996,1(2):229-240
Ecological Politics in an Age of Risk. Ulrich Beck, translated by Amos Weisz, 1995 Cambridge, Polity Press, first published Germany 1988. ISBN 0 7456 077632, hb £39.50; ISBN 0 7456 13772, pk £12.95
Environmentally Sustainable Business: a local and regional perspective. Peter Roberts, 1995, London, Paul Chapman. ISBN 1 85396 240 6, price not given
Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment. Peter Morris & Riki Therivel (Eds) 1995, London, UCL Press, 378 pp. ISBN 1 85728 117 9, hb £45.00; 1 85728 118 7, pb £14.95
A Guide to Local Environmental Auditing. Hugh Barton & Noel Bruder, 1995, London, Earthscan, 370 pp. ISBN 1 85 383 2340, pb £18.95
Household Waste Recycling. Richard Waite, 1995, London, Earthscan, ISBN 1 8538 3 2421, hb £29.95
A Seed in Time: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Urban and Community Forestry. Forestry Commission, 1994. ISBN 0 885 38 328 3, £9.50 inc p&p (Copies available from: Marcus Sangster, Forestry Commission, 231 Corstorphine Road, Edinburgh EH12 7AT)
Environmental Policy in New Zealand: the politics of clean and green? Tom Buhrs & Robert Bartlett, 1993, Auckland, Oxford University Press viii + 192 pp.
Green Politics. Stephen Rainbow, 1993, Auckland, Oxford University Press xv + 106 pp.
The Future of Community Lands: human resources. E. Ndione, P. DeLeener, M. Ndiaye, P. Jacolin & J.-P. Perier, 1995, London, Intermediate Technology, 236 pp. ISBN 1 339 2480, £14.95 相似文献
Environmentally Sustainable Business: a local and regional perspective. Peter Roberts, 1995, London, Paul Chapman. ISBN 1 85396 240 6, price not given
Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment. Peter Morris & Riki Therivel (Eds) 1995, London, UCL Press, 378 pp. ISBN 1 85728 117 9, hb £45.00; 1 85728 118 7, pb £14.95
A Guide to Local Environmental Auditing. Hugh Barton & Noel Bruder, 1995, London, Earthscan, 370 pp. ISBN 1 85 383 2340, pb £18.95
Household Waste Recycling. Richard Waite, 1995, London, Earthscan, ISBN 1 8538 3 2421, hb £29.95
A Seed in Time: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Urban and Community Forestry. Forestry Commission, 1994. ISBN 0 885 38 328 3, £9.50 inc p&p (Copies available from: Marcus Sangster, Forestry Commission, 231 Corstorphine Road, Edinburgh EH12 7AT)
Environmental Policy in New Zealand: the politics of clean and green? Tom Buhrs & Robert Bartlett, 1993, Auckland, Oxford University Press viii + 192 pp.
Green Politics. Stephen Rainbow, 1993, Auckland, Oxford University Press xv + 106 pp.
The Future of Community Lands: human resources. E. Ndione, P. DeLeener, M. Ndiaye, P. Jacolin & J.-P. Perier, 1995, London, Intermediate Technology, 236 pp. ISBN 1 339 2480, £14.95 相似文献
197.
Wynn R. Walker Caylord V. Skogerboe Thoms L. Huntzinger 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1974,10(5):845-859
ABSTRACT: Urbanizing river basins in the west are encountering serious water quality degradation resulting from the expanded water utilization. In order to avoid aggravating such conditions, water quality controls need to be implemented. The important questions are, therefore, where and how to impose such constraints on the urban and agricultural sectors to achieve the desired level of pollution control. An application of the model developed to address such questions is made in the Utah Lake drainage area of Central Utah as a test of the model's utility. The region is subdivided into five major sub-basins containing both municipal and agricultural water demands. A submodel of each sub-basin is developed which optimizes the water quality control strategies by linking the urban to the agricultural uses and then evaluating the levels of control for each sector. From these results, a cost-effectiveness function for each sub-basin is generated. By jointly considering the cost-effectiveness relationship for each sub-basin, an optimum policy for the entire basin is determined. 相似文献
198.
Wynn R. Walker Gaylord V. Skogerboe Robert C. Ward 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1974,10(6):1187-1197
ABSTRACT: A Management level model has been formulated in which a system analysis format is employed to answer some of the basic questions regarding urban water management strategies The model incorporates a multilevel optimization scheme to coordinate urban water supply, distribution, and wastewater management. A test of the model's utility is made in an application to the water management problems of the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area. Denver has utilized both agricultural transfers and transmountain diversions to supplement the natural stream resources of the South Platte River. Although plans are being made to increase the capacity of these sources, increasingly stringent standards on the area's effluents are enhancing the feasibility of reclaiming and recycling a portion of the wastewater. The urban model used in this study indicates the decision points at which respective strategies are introduced. However, by formulating the model from a planner's viewpoint, the most important results gained from the analysis are the costs of various institutional constraints which may restrict the decision maker's ability to implement optimal policies. 相似文献
199.
John F. Walker Susan A. Pickard William C. Sonzogni 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(1):139-147
ABSTRACT: Although several sophisticated nonpoint pollution models exist, few are available that are easy to use, cover a variety of conditions, and integrate a wide range of information to allow managers and planners to assess different control strategies. Here, a straightforward pollutant input accounting approach is presented in the form of an existing model (WATERSHED) that has been adapted to run on modern electronic spreadsheets. As an application, WATERSHED is used to assess options to improve the quality of highly eutrophic Delavan Lake in Wisconsin. WATERSHED is flexible in that several techniques, such as the Universal Soil Loss Equation or unit-area loadings, can be used to estimate nonpoint-source inputs. Once the model parameters are determined (and calibrated, if possible), the spreadsheet features can be used to conduct a sensitivity analysis of management options. In the case of Delavan Lake, it was concluded that, although some nonpoint controls were cost-effective, the overall reduction in phosphorus would be insufficient to measurably improve water quality. 相似文献
200.
Charles W. Slaughter Charles H. Racine Donald A. Walker Larry A. Johnson Gunars Abele 《Environmental management》1990,14(1):63-72
Use of off-road vehicles (ORVs) in permafrost-affected terrain of Alaska has increased sharply over the past two decades.
Until the early 1960s, most ORV use was by industry or government, which employed heavy vehicles such as industrial tractors
and tracked carriers. Smaller, commercial ORVs became available in the 1960s, with the variety and number in use rapidly increasing.
Wheeled and tracked ORVs, many used exclusively for recreation or subsistence harvesting by individuals, are now ubiquitous
in Alaska. This increased use has led to concern over the cumulative effects of such vehicles on vegetation, soils, and environmental
variables including off-site values.
Factors affecting impact and subsequent restoration include specific environmental setting; vegetation; presence and ice content
of permafrost; microtopography; vehicle design, weight, and ground pressure; traffic frequency; season of traffic; and individual
operator practices. Approaches for mitigating adverse effects of ORVs include regulation and zoning, terrain analysis and
sensitivity mapping, route selection, surface protection, and operator training.
We regret the untimely death of Gunars Abele on August 27, 1989; he was a valued colleague and good friend. 相似文献