不同组织碳、氮元素含量和同位素分馏特征研究—以抚仙湖草鱼、鱇浪白鱼为例

结合抚仙湖浮游植物、水生植物等样品,对野生植食性草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)31个组织和野生肉食性鱇浪白鱼(Anabarilius grahami)17个组织样品碳、氮元素含量和稳定同位素比值(δ13C、δ15N)进行了对比分析.结果显示,鱼类不同组织的碳稳定同位素分馏效应显著,草鱼不同组织...     

MCM-41介孔分子筛水热结构稳定性对介质阻挡放电脱除甲苯的影响

采用介质阻挡放电(DBD)和MCM-41介孔分子筛结合脱除甲苯,考察了MCM-41介孔分子筛水热结构稳定性与甲苯脱除的关系.XRD表征显示,通过水热合成制备的纯硅MCM-41(Si- MCM-41)和含铝MCM-41(Al-MCM-41)介孔分子筛都具有典型的六方介孔结构,结晶度良好.水热结构稳定性实验显示纯硅MCM-41介孔分子筛的结构最稳定,结晶保留度最高,而含铝MCM-41介孔分子筛则随铝含量的上升结构稳定性下降.介质阻挡放电脱除甲苯实验结果显示,甲苯转化率与MCM-41介孔分子筛水热结构的稳定性保持一致,纯硅MCM-41介孔分子筛脱除甲苯的效率最高.     

树脂及其复合材料在导弹中的失效机理

首先明晰了环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、氰酸酯树脂化学结构与性能之间的内在关系,详细总结了上述树脂及其复合材料在飞行器中的应用情况、存在的主要问题以及改进方向。结合实际应用场景,基于自由基反应机理和扩散理论,重点阐述了环境条件（如温度、湿度、氧气含量、光照）等因素对材料老化以及性能退化的影响机制。从材料的化学结构和物理性能2个层面,结合仪器表征和分子模拟,全面介绍了导弹用复合材料失效的检测与评价方法以及各自优缺点。最后,展望了导弹用树脂及其复合材料性能改进的主要方法、失效机理的有效研究手段。     

Zeolite powder addition to improve the performance of submerged gravitation-filtration membrane bioreactor

In this study, the effect of zeolite powder addition on submerged membrane bioreactor （SMBR） on membrane permeability, and the removals for COD, NH3-N, TN were investigated. Through the parallel operation of control and test systems, it was found that the zeolite powder addition could alleviate the ultra-filtration membrane fouling and enhance the membrane permeability. On the basis of experimental investigations, a concept of ＂protection coating layer＂ was proposed to illustrate the phenomenon of UF membrane fouling. In addition, the removal for COD in test system was more stable, a little higher compared to the control system. Due to the combination of nitrification and ion exchange, a more excellent removal for NH3-N in test system was obtained regardless of influent NH3-N loading rate. It was also found that a mean 25% higher TN removal took place in the test system, and ion exchange and simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification were analyzed to be main factors. During the stable operation period, the SOURs of test zeolite powder added sludge and control activated sludge were measured to be 75 mgO2/（gMLVSS, h） and 24 mgO2/（gMLVSS, h） respectively, it meant that the zeolite powder addition could enhance the microorganism activity significantly.     

Pilot plant study on ozonation and biological activated carbon process for drinking water treatment

A study on advanced drinking water treatment was conducted in a pilot scale plant taking water from conventional treatment process. Ozonation-biological activated carbon process （O3-BAC） and granular activated carbon process （GAC） were evaluated based on the following parameters： CODMn, UV254, total organic carbon （TOC）, assimilable organic carbon （AOC） and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon （BDOC）. In this test, the average removal rates of CODMn, UV254 and TOC in O3-BAC were 18.2%, 9.0% and 10.2% higher on （AOC） than in GAC, respectively. Ozonation increased 19.3-57.6 μg Acetate-C/L in AOC-P17, 45.6-130.6 μg Acetate-C/L in AOC-NOX and 0.1-0.5 mg/L in BDOC with ozone doses of 2 8 mg/L. The optimum ozone dose for maximum AOC formation was 3 mgO3/L. BAC filtration was effective process to improve biostability.     

Genotoxicity evaluation and a primary risk assessment of organic pollutants in the drinking water sources of Nanjing, China

An increasing number of industrial, agricultural, and commercial chemicals in the aquatic environment leads to various deleterious effects on organisms, which is becoming an increasingly serious problem in China. In this study, the comet assay was conducted to investigate the genotoxicity to human body caused by organic concentrates in the drinking water sources of Nanjing City from Yangtze River of China, and health and ecology risk due to expose to these organic pollutants were evaluated with the multimedia environmental assessment system （MEAS）. For all the water samples, they were collected from four different locations in the drinking water sourcr samples, es of Nanjing City. The results of the comet assay showed that all the organic concentrates from the water samples could induce different levels DNA damages on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and a statistically significant difference （p〈0.01） was observed compared with the solvent control, which demonstrated the genotoxicity was in existence. According to the ambient severity （AS） of individual compound, we had sorted out the main organic pollutants in the drinking water source of the four waterworks, and the results showed that there was some potential hazard to human body for all the source water, namely the total ambient severity （TAS） of health for each water source was more than 1. However, the TAS of ecology for each water source was less than 1, which indicated that it was safe to ecology. The results of this investigation demonstrate the application of the comet assay and the MEAS in aquatic environmental monitoring studies, and the comet assay found to be fast, sensitive, and suitable for genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water source.     

近56 a来中国东部地区雨涝事件时空演变特征

采用1961~2016年1 638站的雨涝次数和雨涝日数年值数据,利用多种数理统计方法,诊断中国东部地区雨涝事件时空演变规律。结果表明：（1）在时间上,1961~2016年中国东部地区的年总雨涝次数和雨涝日数均在波动中呈现出增加趋势。在年代际变化上,1990s的雨涝次数和雨涝日数最多,而1960s~1980s,中国东部地区的雨涝次数和雨涝日数均呈减少趋势。中国东部地区年雨涝次数和雨涝日数存在6 a和30 a的周期振荡特征,并在1991年发生突变。（2）在空间上,1961~2016年中国东部地区气候态和各年代的雨涝次数和雨涝日数主要集中分布在华南、云南西部和南部、江西北部、浙江南部、福建北部、湖南和重庆交界地区、四川北部和辽宁东部地区。（3）在变化趋势和波动特征空间分布上,1961~2016年中国东部地区雨涝次数和雨涝日数在东南沿海地区呈明显增加趋势,而1961~2016年中国东部雨涝次数和雨涝日数波动特征则呈东南低-西北高的空间分异格局。     

基于剪切波速的土体液化概率判别法∗

采用极大似然法对确定性剪切波速液化判别模型进行了标定,在此基础上提出了基于剪切波速的土体液化概率判别模型。结果表明,由对数正态分布、正态分布、最小耿贝尔分布以及最大耿贝尔分布获得的液化判别曲线在液化概率为5%和15%时有一定差异,在液化概率为35%时区别不大。根据贝叶斯信息准则,由最小耿贝尔模型标定的模型修正系数与液化案例数据库符合程度最好。Andrus和Stokoe液化模型修正系数的均值为0.879,说明该模型获得的安全系数从平均意义上小于真实安全系数;变异系数为0.387,表明该模型具有一定程度的模型不确定性。本文所建立概率模型的液化判别曲线与文献中基于贝叶斯映射函数获得的液化判别曲线较为一致,与文献基于逻辑回归方法获得的液化判别曲线在高循环应力比区域有较大差异。     

浅水型湖泊水温日成层现象的初步探讨——以太湖为例

水温是湖泊环境研究中的重要物理参数之一。本文以典型浅水型湖泊———太湖为研究对象,根据连续定点监测资料,分析了太湖的水温结构及其影响因素,证明了日成层现象的存在,并从物理、化学和生物学角度论述了水温分层现象对湖泊水质的影响。     

生物炭固定化菌复合材料在环境修复中的应用研究进展

随着工业和农业的快速发展,环境污染日益严重,对生态安全和人体健康形成严重威胁.微生物修复是一种低价、绿色和易操作的技术,但微生物对高浓度污染物耐性低,造成修复效果差和周期长.由于生物炭的孔隙率高、官能团丰富和比表面积大,被认为是一种良好的吸附剂和固定化载体.通过微生物固定化技术将菌群定殖于生物炭上而制备生物炭固定化菌复合材料,结合了二者优势又克服菌群的缺点,展现了巨大的应用前景.通过系统论述生物炭固定化菌复合材料的制备方法和特征,评价生物炭固定化菌复合材料在环境修复中的效能,讨论环境因素对生物炭固定化菌复合材料去除水中污染物和修复污染土壤的效果影响,阐明生物炭固定化菌复合材料对废水处理与土壤修复的作用机制.