气态有机物组成对生物过滤及菌体密度的影响

以堆肥-火山灰为填料的生物过滤器连续处理含甲苯、乙酸乙酯和异丙醇的气体,观测生物过滤效果和填料的菌系状态变化.结果表明:在甲苯和乙酸乙酯共存的条件下,生物过滤器优先去除乙酸乙酯;当进气中同时存在甲苯、乙酸乙酯和异丙醇时,优先去除乙酸乙酯和异丙醇.填料中各种微生物的菌体密度与过滤去除的有机物组成和浓度有关.霉菌和酵母菌竞争利用乙酸乙酯和异丙醇的能力较强,放线菌和细菌对甲苯的竞争利用能力较强.进气中高浓度的有机物会使填料中的菌体密度增大.在处理甲苯、乙酸乙酯和异丙醇的生物过滤器的各段填料中,菌体密度按细菌、霉菌、酵母菌、放线菌的顺序而降低. 图 1表 3参 17     

地震应急救援后勤保障质量评价体系的探讨

建立科学的地震应急救援后勤服务质量评价体系，客观评价地震应救援急后勤保障服务水平，是规范管理地震应急救援后勤保障质量的重要手段。本文提出在进行地震应急救援后勤保障质量评价时，调查项目必须根据地震现场后勤工作的需求特点合理设计，取样大小、统计方法必须科学规范。     

Characteristics of change in water quality along reclaimed water intake area of the Chaobai River in Beijing, China

To reveal the basic characteristics and controlling factors of water quality change in the project Wenyu to Chaobai reclaimed water diversion, the water quality in the study area was monitored for one year at seven monitoring sites. Inverse geochemical models of the statistical groups were developed using PHREEQC to elucidate the hydrochemistry characteristics of reclaimed water and the factors. The monitoring results indicated that nitrogen and phosphorus contents were significantly reduced along the river mainly caused by seasonal and location variation. The pH ranged from 7.44 to 9.81. Photosynthesis of algae and denitrification in anaerobic microenvironment ultimately led to a sudden p H increase after the Jian River and the Chaobai River confluence. Mg~(2+)and SO_4~(2-) levels dropped obviously in the summer and increased in winter seasons after intersection. Na+and Cl-are relatively stable, and marked drop in the concentration only after the two rivers meet. And there is a decrease of Ca~(2+) and HCO~(3-) and increase in CO_3~(2-) during monitoring period. As a whole, the primary ions and nutrient components, including nitrogen and phosphorus, had high levels in winter. Algae's photosynthesis and respiration were observed to have an impact on the river water quality; there was precipitation–dissolution of minerals and denitrification from upstream to downstream. Inverse geochemical PHREEQC modeling confirmed that there was precipitation of aragonite or calcite, and gypsum or anhydrite in summer, and dissolution in winter; as well as precipitation of dolomite in winter, and cationic exchange and denitrification along the river.     

Degradation of Carbofuran in Water by Solar Photocatalysis in Presence of Photosensitizers

The effect of the presence of photosensitizers, methylene blue (MB) and rose Bengal (RB), on the degradation of carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate) in water in a solar photocatalytic system was investigated. It was found that as compared to MB, RB generally showed a stronger effect on the decomposition of carbofuran under comparable conditions. Among the conditions studied, adding 2 × 10^?6 M of RB, that corresponding to 2% of the initial concentration of carbofuran solution in the system, rendered the most effective degradation of carbofuran. As a result, a carbofuran removal percentage of 69.9%, a mineralization efficiency of 28.0%, and a microtoxicity reduction of 65.0% could be achieved. The degradation and mineralization of carbofuran was found to follow the pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. The decomposition mechanism of carbofuran was further investigated through identification of the intermediates to elaborate the influence of dye photosensitizer on the solar photocatalysis of carbofuran in water. On the basis of the intermediates identified, including carbofuran phenol, 3-hydroxy carbofuran phenol, and substituted alcohols (3-phenoxy 1-propanol, 2-ethyl 1-hexanol, 2-butoxyl ethanol), it appears that hydrolysis and hydroxylation were the two key mechanisms for decomposing carbofuran during the process of solar photocatalysis with the aid of dye photosensitizer.     

成都地区不同利用类型土壤中短链氯化石蜡研究

为了解成都地区土壤中短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)的污染现状和分布特征,该研究采用气相色谱-电子捕获负化学离子源-低分辨质谱仪(GC-ECNI-LRMS)测定了成都46个表层土样和5个剖面土样中SCCPs的含量水平,并分析其同族体组分的分布模式。结果表明,成都表层土样中SCCPs的含量范围为0.22~3.26 ng/g,均值为1.40 ng/g;剖面土样中SCCPs的含量范围为0.42~2.29 ng/g,均值为0.77 ng/g;不同类型土壤中SCCPs的各同系物的分布模式有所异同,氯原子的同系物以低氯取代的(Cl6~Cl8)的SCCPs为主,碳原子的同系物在不同类型土壤中C10、C11、C12和C13-SCCPs的分布则有很大不同。土壤中SCCPs的浓度位于已有研究数据的较低端水平,且和有机质含量不存在线性相关。     

基于CiteSpace中国生态补偿研究的知识图谱分析

生态补偿已成为生态环境管理领域的热点问题。本文基于CiteSpace可视化文献分析工具,以CSSCI数据库中1998—2018年的期刊论文作为数据源,以"生态补偿"为关键词进行文献检索,通过共被引、关键词共现分析以及聚类分析等,探讨生态补偿研究领域的知识基础以及研究热点与前沿。结果表明:①生态补偿研究的发文数量经历了缓慢上升、快速增长、平稳增加三个阶段;②生态补偿研究作者集中度较高,发行期刊涵盖经济学、地理学、生态学、制度经济学等多个学科,反映出生态补偿是一个多学科交叉的研究主题,生态补偿研究的综合性不断增强;③依据关键词知识图谱,"国家重点生态功能区""生态环境""可持续发展"等成为最新研究热点;④新时期生态文明建设下,"草原生态补偿""支付意愿""转移支付""退耕还林"等成为生态补偿研究的最新前沿话题。     

安全投资技术经济分析的研究

在分析安全投资项目特殊性的基础上，提出了较为完整的安全投资技术经济分析方法，为企业进行安全投资决策提供了充分的依据。     

硝酸银沉淀－颗粒物返还法去除COD样品中的氯化物

将样品中的颗粒物分离出来后，向样品中加入适量硝酸银，除去生成的氯化银沉淀，再将预先分离的颗粒物合并到水样中，混匀后测定。经过这样处理，既去除了水样中的Ｃｌ－，又保留了水样中原来的组份，保证了ＣＯＤ测定结果的准确性。     

磁处理水对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传学效应

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核测试技术研究了磁化水（4200GS）对蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率、有丝分裂指数、染色体桥率、不正常细胞率等遗传学指标的影响,目的是探讨磁处理水对生物体的遗传学效应,结果发现上述指标均有所上升,其中微核率和不正常细胞率上升显著,并且其大小与水在磁场中处理的时间长短有关,提示磁处理水（4200GS）有一定的遗传学毒性     

Rheology of Concentrated Cellulose Solutions in 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride

Rheological behavior of the concentrated cellulose/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) solutions was investigated. As polymeric fluid, solutions of cellulose in [BMIM]Cl display a marked elastic behavior under shear flow. The dependence of the shear viscosity η, and of the dynamic modulus, on concentration, average degree of polymerization (DP) and temperature is discussed. At lower concentrations and degrees of polymerization (DP), cellulose solutions show viscous, inelastic behavior at low frequencies and low shear rate. At higher concentration and DP, cellulose solutions are more elastic at higher frequencies and shear rate. Such solutions also have some usual rheological properties. The dynamic rheological responses revealed that the Cox–Merz rule did not hold for these cellulose solutions at high deformation rate. Plotting storage modulus G′ against loss modulus G″ gave almost a master curve which is independent of temperature and concentration, with the slope of about 1.651 for 10 wt% cellulose solutions. This value indicates the existence of microheterogeneity in the solution system.