壬基酚、五氯酚及硝基苯对端足类河蜾蠃蜚(Corophium acherusicum)的毒性效应

为检测海洋中环境激素及芳烃类化合物对端足类生物的污染危害,实验选择端足类河蜾蠃蜚(Corophium acherusicum)为受试生物,研究了其在壬基酚、五氯酚、硝基苯三种有机污染物暴露下的96 h急性致死毒性效应和7 d慢性DNA损伤毒性效应。计算获得壬基酚、五氯酚和硝基苯对河蜾蠃蜚的96 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为70、465、25 000μg·L-1,三种有机污染物对河蜾蠃蜚的毒性强弱顺序为壬基酚五氯酚硝基苯。运用碱解旋法检测壬基酚、五氯酚和硝基苯对河蜾蠃蜚DNA损伤的程度,计算得到7 d半效应浓度(EC50)分别为30、256、11 000μg·L-1。实验结果表明:三种有机污染物浓度的不断加大,引起河蜾蠃蜚DNA损伤程度的不断增加,呈显著的剂量-效应关系。     

Identification of pakchoi cultivars with low cadmium accumulation and soil factors that affect their cadmium uptake and translocation

The selection and use of low-Cd-accumulating cultivar （LCAC） has been proposed as one of the promising approaches in minimizing the entry of Cd in the human food chain. This study suggests a screening criterion of LCACs focusing on food safety. Pot culture and plot experiments were conducted to screen out LCACs from 35 pakchoi cultivars and to identify the crucial soil factors that affect Cd accumulation in LCACs. Results of the pot culture experiment showed that shoot Cd concentrations under the three Cd treatments significantly varied across cultivars. Two cultivars, Hualv 2 and Huajun 2, were identified as LCACs because their shoot Cd concentrations were lower than 0.2 mg. kg-1 under low Cd treatment and high Cd exposure did not affect the biomass of their shoots. The plot experiment further confirmed the consistency and genotypic stability of the low-Cd- accumulating traits of the two LCACs under various soil conditions. Results also showed that soil phosphorus availability was the most important soil factor in the Cd accumulation of pakchoi, which related negatively not only to Cd uptake by root but also to Cd translocation from root to shoot. The total Cd accumulation and translocation rates were lower in the LCACs than in the high-Cd cultivar, suggesting that Cd accumulation in different cultivars is associated with the Cd uptake by root as well as translocation from root to shoot. This study proves the feasibility of the application of the LCAC strategy in pakchoi cultivation to cope with Cd contamination in agricultural soils.     

某民用机场应急综合演练方案效果分析

叙述了民航机场依据《安全生产法》,《民用运输机场应急救援规则（CCAR-139-Ⅱ）》和民航机场的特点,确定应急演练方案,根据演练情况对现行的应急预案进行修改和完善。     

人工纳米材料生物效应研究进展

人工纳米材料(MNMs)由于其所具有的独特性质能满足当前工业发展的多样化需求,近年来获得迅速的发展.目前,越来越多的MNMs已被投放市场,给人们生活带来巨大的变化和进步.但是有关MNMs是否对环境和健康产生不利影响的问题,同样引起了人们广泛的关注.通过总结近年来的相关研究资料,一方面探讨了生物对MNMs的暴露途径;另一方面,从MNMs对动物细胞、肺组织和脑组织的毒性效应,MNMs在生物体内的转移、积累以及皮肤对MNMs的吸收等角度,对MNMs的生物效应进行综述.同时,发现MNMs本身独特的物理化学性质和MNMs的表面修饰是影响MNMs生物效应的重要因素.此外,借鉴超细颗粒的研究结果探讨了MNMs生物效应可能的作用机制.最后展望了纳米毒理学的发展.     

一起液氯泄漏事故的分析及预防对策

针对国内近年来氯气泄漏、爆炸事故频发的现状,选择其中具有典型性的江西某厂氯气泄漏事故,运用因果分析方法对其事故原因进行系统分析,根据分析结果,以降低事故发生概率和严重度为目标,从管理角度提出预防对策.     

地下水除草剂阿特拉津污染微生物治理的实验研究

采用了从农药厂阿特拉津生产车间排污口污泥中分离出的菌种AT菌,进行了农药阿特拉津的静态降解实验及其污染地下水的微生物治理模拟实验研究结果表明,AT菌在pH值为5.0～10.0时对农药污染质阿特拉津均具有降解能力,且适宜的pH值范围为6.5～8.0;在实验条件(t=10℃,pH=7.5)与野外含水层的条件基本一致情况下,难于生物降解的污染质阿特拉津的一次投菌降解率达到31.08%;同时环境因素也随着AT菌作用的变化而变化,其中,DO、pH随AT菌作用加强而其值减小.另外,设计了细菌的投放方式以模拟野外条件下的菌种投加条件.并且AT菌的作用会造成被治理含水层的渗透性能降低,实验后含水层的渗透系数下降60.54%.清水冲洗10d的渗透性恢复率为48.96%,说明清水渗透恢复的方法效果明显.     

盾构施工引起周围土体位移的数值研究

盾构隧道施工会引起周围地层及地表变形并影响周围环境,为探索变形规律以进行预测,运用岩土数值软件FLAC3D建立三维模型,考虑天津地区软土特性,注浆体材料强度的时空变化特性及盾构施工中的各相关作用进行研究。首先建立标准模型进行分析,并与Loganathan公式计算及工程实测数据计算进行对比验证,然后就重要施工参数如超挖孔隙、注浆压力等的影响,不同土体本构关系对计算结果的影响,土体修正剑桥模型参数如超固结比、内摩擦角、压缩参数λ及回弹参数κ的影响进行了研究,将结果与已有的研究结果进行比较,具有较好的一致性。     

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Rigid Foam Based on Epoxidized Soybean Oil

A soypolyol based on epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was prepared in the presence of HBF₄ and diethanolamine (DEA) was used as ring opener. A series of polyurethane rigid foam were prepared by mixing polyol with TDI using an isocyanate index of 1.1. The polyol used in this paper were a mixture of soypolyol and a commercial PL-5601 polyester polyol and the mass fraction of PL-5601 was in the range of 0–60%. The thermal properties of the resins were characterized by DSC and TG. The results showed that these rigid foams possess high thermal stability. There were two glass transition temperature of each foam and Tg₁ was increasing with the increasing of OH value. The compression strength of the foam was also recorded, and the effect of mass ratio of soypolyol and PL-5601 polyester polyol on the compression strength was discussed.     

Urinary level of homovanillic acid and mercury in autistic children

Catecholamines and their metabolites affect children's nervous system. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the brain. In the routine analysis for diagnostics of diseases, the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) is determined. Mercury is a neurotoxic agent and can cause different undesirable effects on the brain. In the present work a putative correlation between HVA, the main metabolite of dopamine, and mercury in urine of healthy and autistic children was studied. The level of HVA was higher in the urine of autistic children (14.5 ± 8.3 mg L^?1) compared to generally healthy children (4.4 ± 0.5 mg L^?1). The level of mercury in the urine of autistic children was lower (0.36 ± 0.24 µg L^?1) than in the urine of healthy children (2.1 ± 1.0 µg L^?1) showing that there is no correlation between HVA and mercury.     

The effect of limiting nutrient on metal toxicity to selenastrum capricornutum

Metal toxicity on selenastrum capricornutum were examined by batch culture and chemostat culture system. EC₅₀ values under nutrient‐limited condition and saturated condition were compared. The two EC_5Os differed by a factor of 10.6 for Cd in batch test, and differed by a factor of 6.5 in continuous test. Both batch and continuous test results indicate that inhibition on algal growth is more severe under nutrient‐limited conditions compared to that under near saturation conditions.

Strong correlation, as characterized by the correlation coefficient ρ, were found between the activation level (nutrient requirement) and the tolerance of microorganisms to the toxicant. ρ is equal to 0.9 for the case of Cd in batch test and 0.6 in continuous test. The theory in this study provides generally good estimations to the dose‐response relationship at limiting nutrient conditions. The study indicate that nutrient conditions constitute an important factor in algal toxicity tests.