基于GOCI数据的太湖叶绿素a浓度反演和蓝藻水华遥感监测

太湖蓝藻水华是广为关注的环境问题,迫切需要实现蓝藻水华的动态监测。利用静止轨道海洋水色遥感器(GOCI)遥感数据构建了太湖叶绿素a反演的三波段模型,使用归一化植被覆盖指数(NDVI)进行蓝藻水华监测,并进行了富营养化评价。结果表明:(1)三波段模型优于波段比值模型,可以用于GOCI遥感数据反演太湖叶绿素a浓度。(2)2019年6月3日太湖叶绿素a大致呈湖心和西部浓度低,北部和西南沿岸浓度高的空间分布;从10:15至15:15,叶绿素a浓度先升高后降低。(3)竺山湖和椒山周边水域水华聚集情况较为严重,是当天重度水华的主要发生区域;水华的时间变化规律同叶绿素a浓度变化规律一致。(4)对2019年4月和6月的GOCI遥感数据进行富营养化评价发现,太湖富营养化水平总体呈西部高东部低、北部高南部低、边缘高中间低的趋势;6月较4月富营养化水平明显加剧。     

内窥镜检查在电站锅炉内部检验中的应用

工业内窥镜是电站锅炉内部检验中不可或缺的设备,主要用来对集箱、减温器、受热面管等内部人眼无法观察到的地方进行检验,从而确定承压部件内部是否存在严重影响锅炉安全运行的缺陷.本文通过对锅炉内窥实例进行分析和总结,阐述内窥镜检查在锅炉内检中的重要性并给相关工作人员提供借鉴与参考.     

基于加速度限控制策略的振动试验过载停机实验研究

西门子Simcenter Testlab振动控制采集分析系统在航天振动试验领域应用十分广泛,但是在实际工程应用中常常由于对软件工作机制理解不到位,参数设置不合理造成试验异常中断,这不仅给产品带来了巨大的安全隐患,而且也增加了试验时间和成本,严重影响研制进度。因此,本文针对某航天产品正弦振动试验的过载停机故障,从软件加速度限控制功能的角度分析了潜在原因,并且开展了实验验证。首先描述了振动试验过程和过载停机现象,排除了硬件原因,然后对可能的加速度限控制功能设置和通道量程过小等原因设计了三组实验进行分析验证,得出了此次试验过载停机①与加速度限控制(频域)设置无关,②而与通道量程(时域)设置有关,③通过忽略限幅通道过载设置可使试验正常进行的分析结论,最后针对Simcenter Testlab加速度限控制功能和通道量程设置提出了使用建议,为后续航天产品振动试验提供参考。     

Effect of pipes in heat pump system on electric vehicle energy saving

ABSTRACT

Refrigerant pressure drop and temperature change in pipes are normally ignored in the thermodynamic analysis of traditional vehicle air conditioning system, this will result in serious errors. In this Paper, pressure drop and temperature difference are simulated in different pipes of electric vehicle (EV) heat pump system to analysis the effects of pipes in the actual EV heat pump system. The results indicate that the greater the mass flow, the faster pressure drop increases, the temperature difference decreases. Pressure drop of saturated liquid refrigerant is smaller than that of saturated gas refrigerant at the same saturation pressure and mass flow rate. The higher the refrigerant pressure (no phase change), the slower pressure drop decreases, the faster the temperature difference decreases. Pressure drop decreases with the increment of bending angle of the pipe. For EV heat pump system, suitable valves and less branches are helpful for energy saving of the system. Shortening the pipe between compressor and condenser can reduce temperature change obviously. Pressure drop per unit length in the pipe between evaporator and compressor is large especially in heating mode because of lower refrigerant density. It even reaches to over 100 times of that in the pipe between condenser and throttle valve in heating mode and has negative effects on the performance of the system. If the evaporator is closer to the compressor and the number of branches is less, then pressure drop will decrease a lot, which will be advantageous for energy saving of the heat pump system.     

Diffusive gradients in thin films using molecularly imprinted polymer binding gels for in situ measurements of antibiotics in urban wastewaters

• Selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) binding gel was prepared. • MIP-DGT showed excellent uptake performance for antibiotics. • In situ measurement of antibiotics in wastewaters via MIP-DGT was developed. • The MIP-DGT method was robust, reliable, and highly sensitive. Urban wastewater is one of main sources for the introduction of antibiotics into the environment. Monitoring the concentrations of antibiotics in wastewater is necessary for estimating the amount of antibiotics discharged into the environment through urban wastewater treatment systems. In this study, we report a novel diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) method based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for in situ measurement of two typical antibiotics, fluoroquinolones (FQs) and sulfonamides (SAs) in urban wastewater. MIPs show specific adsorption toward their templates and their structural analogs, resulting in the selective uptake of the two target antibiotics during MIP-DGT deployment. The uptake performance of the MIP-DGTs was evaluated in the laboratory and was relatively independent of solution pH (4.0–9.0), ionic strength (1–750 mmol/L), and dissolved organic matter (DOM, 0–20 mg/L). MIP-DGT samplers were tested in the effluent of an urban wastewater treatment plant for field trials, where three SA (sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, and trimethoprim) and one FQ (ofloxacin) antibiotics were detected, with concentrations ranging from 25.50 to 117.58 ng/L, which are consistent with the results measured by grab sampling. The total removal efficiency of the antibiotics was 80.1% by the treatment plant. This study demonstrates that MIP-DGT is an effective tool for in situ monitoring of trace antibiotics in complex urban wastewaters.     

Concentrations and accumulation rates of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil along an urban–rural gradient in Shanghai

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study proposed an in situ soil experimental system to quantify concentration and accumulation rates of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners...     

给水厂污泥陶粒制备及其对氮磷吸附研究

水中氮磷的去除能有效控制水体富营养化。用给水厂的两种污泥在3种烧结温度下制备陶粒,并进行陶粒同步吸附氮磷的性能实验。结果表明,600℃烧结温度下平流沉淀池湿污泥制备的陶粒吸附氮磷的综合效果最好。该陶粒对磷酸盐和氨氮的吸附过程都符合Langmuir模型和准二级动力学模型。pH为7时,陶粒同步吸附氮磷,对氨氮的吸附量可达0.650mg/g,对磷酸盐的吸附量可达0.706mg/g。可见,给水厂污泥陶粒同步吸附氮磷表现出良好的吸附效果。     

不同水力条件下圆柱桥墩局部冲刷试验研究∗

桥墩冲刷是导致桥梁水毁的主要原因,研究不同水力条件下局部冲刷对桥梁的影响具有重要意义。通过开展不同流速和水深下圆柱桥墩模型冲刷试验,研究了圆柱桥墩周围泥沙的局部冲刷发展规律,特别是流速和水深对桥墩局部冲刷的影响。试验研究表明:随着时间的发展,最大冲刷深度与冲刷坑范围在前期急剧发展,随后发展逐渐缓慢,直到冲刷处于近似平衡阶段。最大冲刷深度最开始出现在墩前侧方,随后始终出现在墩正前方附近,最小冲刷深度出现在墩的正后方附近,墩后的冲刷深度不足墩前深度的50%。流速和水深是影响桥墩的局部冲刷的关键因素,最大冲刷深度和冲刷坑的范围随着流速和水深增大而增大,相比于水深,冲刷深度和冲刷坑范围受流速的影响较大。     

一起鸟粪闪络引起220kV引流跳线与地线短接故障分析

对某220 kV输电线路跳闸故障进行分析,根据故障监测信息、故障时段故障区域的天气、现场环境等综合判断故障原因为鸟粪闪络,而造成鸟粪闪络的主要原因为跳线角钢未用绝缘护套包覆,鸟类夜间栖息在架空地线防振锤处排便,鸟粪在湿度80%RH、微风条件下降落,短接跳线角钢端头和地线防振锤间电气间隙而引起闪络放电。对绝缘护套的防鸟害效果进行仿真分析,得出了不同电压等级线路绝缘护套的最佳厚度,提出了防范类似鸟害故障的措施。