环境承载力论初探

正确判断人类神经行为，特别是经济发展行为是否与所处的环境条件相协调，是实现环境与经济协调发展的前景。     

砂状氧化铝技改项目安全管理特性及措施

砂状氧化铝项目是中国铝业公司改善氧化铝产品质量、提高市场竞争力的重大技术改造项目，在山西分公司有3个砂状氧化铝技术改造项目同时施工，与生产交叉进行，时间紧、任务重、技术含量高、点多面广，安全管理难度很大，但通过采取有效措施，就能够保证砂状氧化铝技改项目安全稳定、顺利地进行。     

广西北海近岸海域表层沉积物的重金属分布及来源分析

重金属是海洋沉积物中一类主要的污染物,其累积和释放能对水生生物和人体健康产生较大的负面影响。本研究针对2007年在广西北海近岸海域获得表层沉积物的重金属数据首先分析了它们的含量和空间分布特征,然后采用地质累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对其污染程度和潜在生态危害进行评价,最后应用主成分分析法推断了各重金属的主要来源。结果表明,广西北海近岸海域沉积物的重金属含量与前人研究相比总体变化不大,仅有Cr和As两种元素在部分区域超过沉积物标准第二类和第一类指标值。Pb、Zn和Hg之间相关性显著。大部分重金属含量在研究区的西北部和东边中部偏高,明显受到了陆缘输入和北部河流入海效应的影响。研究区的重金属污染程度总体上较低,为低潜在生态危害等级。有机物贡献及沉积物对海水中重金属的吸附是Zn、Pb、Cd、As和Hg元素在研究区表层沉积物的主要来源,Cu和Cr可能更多来源于本地沉积物自身。     

亚甲基蓝与次氯酸钠对塔胞藻胁迫作用的比较

实验选取养殖生产常用消毒药品亚甲基蓝C16H18ClN3S.3H2O和NaClO作为外源物质,探讨二者对塔胞藻(Pyramimimonas.sp)的毒理学影响及塔胞藻在逆境状态下的适应性变化。结果表明:NaClO对塔胞藻的胁迫表现为低浓度的刺激效应,细胞生理指标变化反映出明显的氧化毒害症状;C16H18ClN3S.3H2O对塔胞藻的胁迫表现为明显的抑制作用,塔胞藻对C16H18ClN3S.3H2O的降解作用显著,细胞所受到的氧化损伤轻微。胁迫作用下叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b值降低,SOD活力、MDA含量升高;SOD在塔胞藻的氧化抗性机制起着重要作用。     

Inactivation of Cryptosporidium by ozone and cell ultrastructures

The fluorescence staining method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effect of ozone (O3) inactivating Cryptosporidium in water and cell ultrastructures variation to shed light on the mechanism of inactivation preliminarily.Results indicated that O3 had a stronger inactivating capability.When the concentration of O3 was above 3.0 mg/L and the contact time was up to 7 min,a significant inactivating effect could be achieved.The turbidity on inactivation effects was also found to be statistically significant in artificial water.With increases in turbidity,the inactivating effect decreased.Inactivation rate improved with a temperature increase from 5 to 25°C,but decreased beyond this.The inactivating capability of O3 was found to be stronger under acidic than that under alkalic conditions.When the concentration of organic matter in the reaction system was increased,the competition between Cryptosporidium and organics with O3 probably took place,thereby reducing the inactivation rate.In addition,the cellular morphology of Cryptosporidium varied with different contact times.At zero contact time,cells were rotundity and sphericity,at 60 sec they became folded,underwent emboly,and burst at 480 sec,the cell membrane of Cryptosporidium shrinked and collapsed completely.     

食品安全与“绿色”供应

<正>跨国公司对效率的追求及对成本的控制促进了机械生产和流水作业在食品加工中的应用,较半个世纪前,美国肉鸡从生长到屠宰的天数从70天降低到48天,而体积却增大到两倍。而这样饲养出来的肉鸡可能一生都没有见过阳光,由于超出自然重量,很多肉鸡根本无法站立。此外,转基因技术跟抗生素的使用更为人类健康埋下隐患。而获奖纪录片《海豚湾》则描绘了一     

Simultaneous removal of COD and nitrogen using a novel carbon-membrane aerated biofilm reactor

A membrane aerated biofilm reactor is a promising technology for wastewater treatment. In this study, a carbon-membrane aerated biofilm reactor （CMABR） has been developed, to remove carbon organics and nitrogen simultaneously from one reactor. The results showed that CMABR has a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and nitrogen removal efficiency, as it is operated with a hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 20 h, and it also showed a perfect performance, even if the HRT was shortened to 12 h. In this period, the removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia nitrogen （NH4^＋-N）, and total nitrogen （TN） reached 86%, 94%, and 84%, respectively. However, the removal efficiencies of NH4^＋-N and TN declined rapidly as the HRT was shortened to 8 h. This is because of the excessive growth of biomass on the nonwoven fiber and very high organic loading rate. The fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis indicated that the ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） were mainly distributed in the inner layer of the biofilm. The coexistence of AOB and eubacteria in one biofilm can enhance the simultaneous removal of COD and nitrogen.     

磁湖底泥重金属污染与潜在生态风险评价

为解磁湖底泥中重金属含量、污染程度以及各污染物的潜在生物毒性,对磁湖8个底泥样品中6种金属元素(Cu、Pb、Ni、As、Hg、Cd)进行了分析研究。利用地累积指数法和单因子评价法对底泥中的重金属污染程度进行了综合性的评价。利用潜在生态风险指数法对磁湖底泥中的重金属潜在生态风险进行了评价,结果表明,磁湖底泥中主要的重金属污染物是Cd和Cu,其次是Pb、As、Ni、Hg。各重金属的潜在生态风险从大到小的排列次序为:Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Hg。     

优化区域环境应急监测能力建设的方法探讨

本文介绍了识别环境应急监测对象的技术方法,并从构建区域环境应急监测能力保障体系的角度出发,运用安全系统工程理论,探讨如何使有限的环境应急监测能力建设投资发挥最佳的效能。     

毫米波近场成像技术综述

介绍了用于探测人体隐蔽物体的毫米波焦面阵成像系统及毫米波全息成像系统;简述了利用合成孔径原理提高系统分辨率的毫米波全息成像系统的基本原理;着重分析了毫米波焦面阵成像系统的天线近场聚焦特性、空间分辨率计算、系统采样间隔选择、物体辐射特性等关键技术.该系统在探测人体隐蔽物体方面具有广阔的应用前景.