Enhanced simultaneous absorption of NOx and SO2 in oxidation-reduction-absorption process with a compounded system based on Na2SO3

Oxidation of sulfite and competitive absorption existed in Na₂SO₃ solution for simultaneous removal of NO_x and SO₂, inhibited the long-term high-efficiency when used for practical applications. A matching strategy was developed to solve these problems. Antioxidants combination was used to retard the oxidation of antioxidant and enhance inhibition of S（IV）(tetravalent sulfur) oxidation. Hydroquinone（HQ） and sodium thiosulfate（ST） showed a positive syner...     

实验室信息管理系统在环境监测站中的应用——以西安市环境监测站为例

根据环境监测站以往的业务特点和存在的问题,引入了基于监测站特色的实验室信息管理系统。笔者重点介绍了西安环境监测站实验室信息管理系统的工作流程和系统组块,反映出系统灵活、严谨的运行特点,以及全面的系统应用功能。此外,描述了本站LIMS快速、高效的运行状况、常见弊端和LIMS实施的局限性。为今后同行业监测站LIMS的建设、实施和应用提供范本和应用经验和建议,促进了环境监测行业的信息化、现代化管理。     

National emissions inventory and future trends in greenhouse gases and other air pollutants from civil airports in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Civil aviation is an important source of air pollutants, but this field has received insufficient attention in China. Based on the standard emissions...     

PPCPs and heavy metals from hydrothermal sewage sludge-derived biochar: migration in wheat and physiological response

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Once the sludge was directly used in the farmland, it will have a negative impact on human health through the food chain because sludge contains...     

近年全国地表水水质变化特征

采用2012~2020年国家地表水环境质量监测网839个可比断面（点位）数据分析了9年间地表水环境质量变化特征.结果表明,全国地表水环境质量持续改善,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面比例稳步上升,劣Ⅴ类比例持续下降;主要污染指标氨氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数的年均值均呈逐年下降趋势,2020年比2012年分别下降75.9%、48.2%和17.5%.广西、海南和宁夏Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面比例保持100%,湖北和江西呈逐年下降趋势,其余省份均呈逐年上升趋势;广西、海南、宁夏、湖南和福建劣Ⅴ类水质断面比例保持为0,其余省份均呈逐年下降趋势;广西、江西的总磷和湖北、海南、辽宁的高锰酸盐指数呈逐年上升趋势,其余省份主要污染指标年均值均呈不同程度下降.十大流域主要江河Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面比例均呈波动上升趋势;劣Ⅴ类比例除浙闽片河流一直为0以外,其余流域均呈波动下降趋势;主要污染指标年均值均呈不同程度下降.2020年,32个重要湖泊中53%处于富营养状态,与2012年相比增加了12个百分点.总体来看,9年间全国地表水水质普遍好转,尤其是"十三五"以来,水污染防治工作取得显著成效,但各省、各流域之间具有差异性,水资源分布不均,水质改善存在不平衡性和不协调性,湖库富营养化趋势不容乐观.未来应统筹水资源、水环境和水生态,在地表水的精准治污和生态修复上着重发力.     

蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的检测及净化方法研究

建立了反相高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱法检测蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的方法.前处理采用改良的QuEChERS方法进行快速提取和净化.采用初级次级胺进行固相分散净化,可有效吸附蜂蜜中的糖类及有机色素等杂质.提取物在流动相甲醇:水(0.2%乙酸胺)=45:55(体积比)中,用整体色谱柱进行快速分离和质谱检测.并对MS检测中2种离子化方式(电喷雾ESI及大气压化学APCI)、各种离子化方式下正负离子模式及离子检测方法(总离子检测TIC和选择性离子监测MRM)进行了综合比较,最终确定采用电喷雾电离法(ESI)负离子模式、多反应离子监测(MRM)对氯霉素进行定性定量分析.在0.2～200μg/kgg添加浓度下,添加回收率水平在78%～93%间,变异系数在3.9%以下.该方法的检出限为0.1μg/kg,在0.1～100 μg/L浓度范围内,线性方程为y=58.753x 34867,相关系数R2=0.999 5.     

The asteroid and comet impact hazard: risk assessment and mitigation options

The impact of extraterrestrial matter onto Earth is a continuous process. On average, some 50,000 tons of dust are delivered to our planet every year. While objects smaller than about 30 m mainly disintegrate in the Earth’s atmosphere, larger ones can penetrate through it and cause damage on the ground. When an object of hundreds of meters in diameter impacts an ocean, a tsunami is created that can devastate coastal cities. Further, if a km-sized object hit the Earth it would cause a global catastrophe due to the transport of enormous amounts of dust and vapour into the atmosphere resulting in a change in the Earth’s climate. This article gives an overview of the near-Earth asteroid and comet (near-Earth object-NEO) impact hazard and the NEO search programmes which are gathering important data on these objects. It also points out options for impact hazard mitigation by using deflection systems. It further discusses the critical constraints for NEO deflection strategies and systems as well as mitigation and evacuation costs and benefits. Recommendations are given for future activities to solve the NEO impact hazard problem.     

Persistence of antibiotics such as macrolides, tiamulin and salinomycin in soil

The extensive use of veterinary drugs in agriculture leads to contamination of manure. If this manure is used as fertiliser, soil may be exposed to the respective drugs. Additionally soil exposure may stem from contaminated sewage sludge that is used on some agricultural land as fertiliser. This study focuses on the fate of antibiotics in soil. We present a 120-day degradation experiment of six commonly used antibiotics: erythromycin, roxithromycin oleandomycin, tylosin, salinomycin and tiamulin in soil as well as calculating the resulting half-lives. The half-lives were 20 days for erythromycin, 27 days for oleandomycin, 8 days for tylosin, 16 days for tiamulin and 5 days for salinomycin; all according to 1st order kinetics. The concentration of roxithromycin remained nearly unchanged during the whole experiment.     

Methane oxidation at a surface-sealed boreal landfill

Methane oxidation was studied at a closed boreal landfill (area 3.9 ha, amount of deposited waste 200,000 tonnes) equipped with a passive gas collection and distribution system and a methane oxidative top soil cover integrated in a European Union landfill directive-compliant, multilayer final cover. Gas wells and distribution pipes with valves were installed to direct landfill gas through the water impermeable layer into the top soil cover. Mean methane emissions at the 25 measuring points at four measurement times (October 2005–June 2006) were 0.86–6.2 m³ ha^?1 h^?1. Conservative estimates indicated that at least 25% of the methane flux entering the soil cover at the measuring points was oxidized in October and February, and at least 46% in June. At each measurement time, 1–3 points showed significantly higher methane fluxes into the soil cover (20–135 m³ ha^?1 h^?1) and methane emissions (6–135 m³ ha^?1 h^?1) compared to the other points (<20 m³ ha^?1 h^?1 and <10 m³ ha^?1 h^?1, respectively). These points of methane overload had a high impact on the mean methane oxidation at the measuring points, resulting in zero mean oxidation at one measurement time (November). However, it was found that by adjusting the valves in the gas distribution pipes the occurrence of methane overload can be to some extent moderated which may increase methane oxidation. Overall, the investigated landfill gas treatment concept may be a feasible option for reducing methane emissions at landfills where a water impermeable cover system is used.