黄菖蒲有机酸组分对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用

采用液液萃取的方法得到黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)水浸提液的有机酸组分,抑藻实验表明高浓度有机酸组分对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的生长具有明显的抑制作用,表现为添加1和2 mL有机酸组分时,第6天铜绿微囊藻生物量显著降低,培养过程中,铜绿微囊藻的叶绿素a含量逐渐减少,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量呈现先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,表明有机酸组分能够明显抑制铜绿微囊藻SOD的活性,引起细胞的氧化损伤,促进叶绿素的分解,从而导致藻类死亡。通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对有机酸组分进行分析,鉴定出24种有机酸类物质,其中包括15种脂肪酸类物质和9种酚酸类物质。根据总离子流图中各物质的峰面积得到脂肪酸类物质的相对含量为19.01%,其中相对含量超过1%的有琥珀酸、辛酸、软脂酸、丁酸和戊酸;酚酸类物质的相对含量为16.98%,其中相对含量超过1%的有苯甲酸、苯乙酸、苯丙酸、氢化肉桂酸和苯乙酸甲酯。     

北大港水库底泥盐分释放规律研究

底泥的盐分释放是滨海地区淡水库水质咸化的主要原因之一,而包括上覆水条件在内的多种因素可能影响到底泥的盐分释放。为了研究底泥盐分释放的规律和主要影响因素,采集了天津滨海地区典型淡水库——北大港水库底泥样品,测定了盐分含量,并通过室内模拟实验,研究了底泥盐分含量、上覆水水深、上覆水盐浓度以及扰动对底泥盐分释放的影响。调查结果表明,库区底泥全盐量为0.095%~0.818%,总体属轻盐化土和中盐化土,库心底泥盐分含量明显高于库周底泥。室内模拟实验表明,底泥含盐量越高,盐分释放通量越大;实验条件下上覆水越深,上覆水盐分含量越低,底泥盐分释放通量越大;上覆水扰动会促进底泥盐分释放。该研究认为,底泥盐分释放受底泥盐分含量和上覆水理化因素的多重影响,对其释放规律的研究有助于更好地解释滨海地区水体的咸化机制。     

呼和浩特市创建国家环保模范城市分析

本文通过对呼和浩特市创建国家环保模范城市面临的困难、采取的措施以及取得的效果进行分析,对北方地区创建国家环保模范城市提供借鉴.     

含油污泥三相离心分离处理技术研究

针对原油生产过程中产生的大量含油污泥,油泥成分复杂、严重污染周边环境且造成资源浪费的情况,采用三相离心分离工艺对含油污泥进行处理。通过室内试验研究,确定了含油污泥处理的最佳条件。添加分离剂能够改善油泥分离性能,提高油泥温度能够改善油泥流动效果,摸索出油泥离心分离的最佳时间和离心速率,并对分离后的三相物质进行物性检测。该工艺处理含油污泥可以有效的回收原油,处理后固相减量75%,实现含油污泥减量化、资源化处理的目的。     

泰州市能源发展"十一五"规划环评研究

通过对泰州市能源发展"十一五"规划环评进行研究,着重分析了规划实施中对环境资源的消耗.根据当地环境资源的支撑能力,明确提出了调整能源结构等切实可行的应对措施及环境影响的减缓措施,通过采取一系列环境影响减缓措施,力求把区域经济建设等发展规模,控制在生态环境容量许可范围内.     

Effects of irrigation,fertilization and crop straw management on nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions from a wheat–maize rotation field in northern China

One-year winter wheat–summer maize rotation is the most popular double cropping system in north-central China, and this highly productive system is an important source of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions due to the high fertilizer N and irrigation water inputs. To sustain the high crop production and mitigate the detrimental impacts of N₂O and NO emissions, improved management practices are extensively applied. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate the effects of an improved management practice of irrigation, fertilization and crop straw on grain yield and N₂O and NO emissions for a wheat–maize rotation field in northern China. Using automated and manual chamber measuring systems, we monitored N₂O and NO fluxes for the conventional (CT, 2007–2008), improved (IT, 2007–2008), straw-amended (WS, 2008–2009), straw-not-amended (NS, 2008–2009), and no N-fertilizer treatments (WS–NN, 2008–2009), respectively, for one rotation-year. The grain yields were determined for CT and IT for three rotation-years (2005–2008) and for WS, NS and WS–NN for one rotation-year (2008–2009). The improved management of irrigation and fertilization reduced the annual N fertilization rate and irrigation amount by 17% and 30%, respectively; increased the maize yield by 7–14%; and significantly decreased the N₂O and NO emissions by 7% (p < 0.05) and 29% (p < 0.01), respectively. The incorporation of wheat straw increased the cumulative N₂O and NO emissions in the following maize season by 58% (p < 0.01) and 13%, respectively, whereas the effects of maize straw application were not remarkable. The N₂O and NO emission factors of applied N were 2.32 ± 2.32% and 0.42 ± 1.69% for wheat straw and 0.67 ± 0.23% and 0.54 ± 0.15% for chemical N-fertilizers, respectively. Compared to conventional management practices using high application rates of irrigation water and chemical N-fertilizer as well as the field burning of crop straw, the improved management strategy presented here has obvious environmentally positive effects on grain yield and mitigation of N₂O and NO emissions.     

基于环境一号卫星多光谱影像数据的三湖一库富营养化状态评价

环境一号卫星是我国2008年自主发射的环境与灾害监测小卫星,其2d的时间分辨率使其成为环境变化监测的重要数据源.根据实测的太湖、巢湖、滇池和三峡水库的水面光谱信息以及水质参数,构建基于环境一号卫星多光谱数据的富营养化评价模型,对太湖、巢湖、滇池和三峡水库2009年水体营养状况进行了评价分析.研究结果表明:利用环境一号卫...     

华北地区1951-2009年气温、降水变化特征

基于华北五省(市)64个基本气象站的1961-2009年逐年逐月气温、降水资料, 利用泰森权重计算了华北地区面平均降水及面平均气温,并建立了7个长序列气象站的气温、降水与面平均值的回归方程,展延了研究区1951-1960年面平均降水和气温资料。对展延后的1951-2009年序列数据,应用Mann-Kendall检验、Mann-Whitney检验、9 a滑动平均等方法进行趋势分析,分析结果显示: 该区59 a间年气温上升了1.5 ℃,年气温序列存在显著上升趋势,年气温序列在1993年前后有一个突变点,年气温距平以1989年为低温期与高温期的分界线,年气温平均每10 a增长2.2%;年降水序列无显著趋势,亦无显著跳跃趋势,年降水距平大致以1976年为多雨期与少雨期的分界线,年降水平均每10 a增长-1.3%。研究成果为深入分析华北地区气候变化规律、未来气候变化影响,以及水资源对气候变化的响应提供了基础。     

Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.     

基于REOF方法的辽宁气候舒适度区域特征分析

基于辽宁省50个气象站1964-2008年的气象资料,采用适应东北地区的人体舒适度计算公式及分级标准,得出辽宁省近45年历年人体各舒适度级别日数,使用旋转经验正交分解法(REOF),对辽宁省气候舒适度进行区域划分,并分析了各区域气候舒适度的空间分布特征和变化趋势.结果表明:(1)根据前4个旋转倚载向量场高载荷区分布,将...