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91.
Ramzy B. Nessim Ahmad R. Bassiouny Madelyn N. Moawad Kamal M. Kandeel 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(6):579-594
The use of algae (Ulva fasciata, green and Sargassum sp., brown) to reduce lead and cadmium levels from mono-metal solutions was investigated. The brown algae showed higher efficiency for the accumulation of lead (~1.5 times) and cadmium (~2 times) than green algae. The optimum pH value is found to be between 4 and 5.5. Regarding biomass concentration, an increase in metals percentage removal and a decrease in metal uptake capacity coincided with the increase in biomass concentration. All light metals (Ca, Mg and Na) showed a suppressive effect on biosorption capacity. The enhancement of biosorption in the case of NaOH was obvious. The biosorption process (65–90%) occurred within 3?min. Experimental data were in high agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich model for lead and cadmium biosorption using different biosorbents. In the desorption study, 0.2?mol?L?1 HCl recorded the best concentration for the elution of metals from the biomass. The biosorption capacity decreased over the four operational cycles for both lead and cadmium. Infrared analysis showed that amino, hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups provide the major biosorption sites for metal binding. Use of the above-mentioned algae for cheap metal absorbance is considered as one water treatment criterion. 相似文献
92.
Ruhul A. Khan Stephane Salmieri Dominic Dussault Nathalie Tufenkji Jorge Uribe-Calderon Musa R. Kamal Agnes Safrany Monique Lacroix 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(1):43-52
Chitosan (0.1–1%, w/w), dissolved in 2% acetic acid solution, was added into 1% methylcellulose (MC)-based formulation containing
0.5% vegetable oil, 0.25% glycerol and 0.025% Tween?80. Films were prepared by casting. Puncture strength (PS), puncture deformation (PD), viscoelasticity coefficient and water
vapour permeability (WVP) of the films were measured. The PS value of 312 N/mm was observed for MC-based films containing
0.25% chitosan. Values of PD, viscoelasticity coefficient and WVP of these films were 5.0 mm, 44.1%, and 6.0 g mm/m2 day kPa, respectively. The MC-based films containing 0.25% chitosan were also exposed to gamma radiation (0.5–50 kGy). The
PS of the treated films decreased significantly from 312 at 0 kGy to 201 N/mm when treated at a dose of 50 kGy. However, WVP
values were not affected by increasing irradiation the dose used. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy supported the
molecular interactions due to addition of chitosan in MC-based films. Thermo gravimetric analysis and differential scanning
calorimetric experiments showed that thermal properties of the films were significantly improved by chitosan loading. Surface
topography of the films was studied by scanning electron microscopy and found rougher due to chitosan addition. 相似文献
93.
Sanjad–Sakati syndrome (SSS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital hypoparathyroidism, growth and mental retardation. In Saudi Arabia, the disease is caused by a deletion of 12 bp (155-166nt) in the tubulin-specific chaperone E gene. In a family with two affected siblings with SSS, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was performed. Fluorescent PCR (F-PCR) was utilized to check the heterozygosity and the homozygosity status of the parents and the affected children, respectively. F-PCR was then optimized for single-cell analysis by using peripheral blood lymphocytes. The patient underwent a cycle with intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection. A total of 11 embryos were obtained and biopsied. There were five heterozygous, three homozygous affected and three normal embryos. One heterozygous and one normal embryo were transferred because of their very good quality (morula). A singleton pregnancy was obtained, and amniosynthesis confirmed the presence of the heterozygous fetus. These results show for the first time, the feasibility of PGD for SSS. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
94.
Megat Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal Wan Mat Khalir Wan Khaima Azir MohamedKasmawati Zakaria Haslizaidi Wan Ngah Wan Saime 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(2):248-256
Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its
performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional
groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of several important parameters which can affect
adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range
for lead adsorption was 4–5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb(II) ions (23 mg/L) could be removed.
The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time (60–90
min) was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich
isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo
first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo
second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. 相似文献
95.
Evaluating the impact of water conservation on fate of outdoor water use: a study in an arid region 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this research, the impact of several water conservation policies and return flow credits on the fate of water used outdoors in an arid region is evaluated using system dynamics modeling approach. Return flow credits is a strategy where flow credits are obtained for treated wastewater returned to a water body, allowing for the withdrawal of additional water equal to the amount returned as treated wastewater. In the return credit strategy, treated wastewater becomes a resource. This strategy creates a conundrum in which conservation may lead to an apparent decrease in water supply because less wastewater is generated and returned to water body. The water system of the arid Las Vegas Valley in Nevada, USA is used as basis for the dynamic model. The model explores various conservation scenarios to attain the daily per capita demand target of 752 l by 2035: (i) status quo situation where conservation is not implemented, (ii) conserving water only on the outdoor side, (iii) conserving water 67% outdoor and 33% indoor, (iv) conserving equal water both in the indoor and outdoor use (v) conserving water only on the indoor side. The model is validated on data from 1993 to 2008 and future simulations are carried out up to 2035. The results show that a substantial portion of the water used outdoor either evapo-transpires (ET) or infiltrates to shallow groundwater (SGW). Sensitivity analysis indicated that seepage to groundwater is more susceptible to ET compared to any other variable. The all outdoor conservation scenario resulted in the highest return flow credits and the least ET and SGW. A major contribution of this paper is in addressing the water management issues that arise when wastewater is considered as a resource and developing appropriate conservation policies in this backdrop. The results obtained can be a guide in developing outdoor water conservation policies in arid regions. 相似文献
96.
Khater AE Abd El-Aziz NS Al-Sewaidan HA Chaouachi K 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(12):1808-1814
Narghile (hookah, shisha, goza, "water-pipe") smoking has become fashionable worldwide. Its tobacco pastes, known as moassel and jurak, are not standardized and generally contain about 30-50% (sometimes more) tobacco, molasses/juice of sugarcane, various spices and dried fruits (particularly in jurak) and, in the case of moassel, glycerol and flavoring essences. Tobacco contains minute amounts of radiotoxic elements such as (210)Pb, (210)Po and uranium, which are inhaled via smoking. Only very few data have been published on the concentrations of natural radionuclides in narghile tobacco mixtures. Consequently, the aim of this study was to draw first conclusions on the potential hazards of radioactivity in moassel tobacco in relation to narghile smoking. The results indicate the existence of a wide range in the radioactivity contents where the average (range) activity concentrations of (238)U, (234)Th (226)Ra, (210)Pb, (210)Po, (232)Th and (40)K, in Bq/kg dry weight were 55 (19-93), 11 (3-23), 3 (1.2-8), 14 (3-29), 13 (7-32), 7 (4-10) and 719 (437-1044)Bq/kg dry weight, respectively. The average concentrations of natural radionuclides in moassel tobacco pastes are comparable to their concentration in Greek cigarettes and tobacco leaves, and lower than that of Brazilian tobacco leaves. The distribution pattern of these radionuclides after smoking, between smoke, ash and filter, is unknown, except for (210)Po during cigarette smoking and from one existing study during moassel smoking. Radiological dose assessment due to intake of natural radionuclides was calculated and the possible radio-toxicity of the measured radionuclides is briefly discussed. 相似文献
97.
The plant family Orobanchaceae includes many parasitic weeds that are also impressive invaders and aggressive crop pests with several specialized features (e.g. microscopic seeds, parasitic habits). Although they have provoked several large-scale eradication and control efforts, no global evaluation of their invasive potential is as yet available. We use tools from ecological niche modeling in combination with occurrence records from herbarium specimens to evaluate the global invasive potential of each of 10 species in this assemblage, representing several of the worst global invaders. The invasive potential of these species is considerable, with all tropical and subtropical countries, and most temperate countries, vulnerable to invasions by one or more of them. 相似文献
98.
The aim of this work was to know the biological impact of wastewaters on livestock in the localities of Dladla and Boukallou (Town of Settat, Morocco), where wastewaters are largely used by the local population for their agricultural activities. We used the micronucleus (MN) test in cytochalasin B blocked binucleated cells (BNC) to assess the possible induced genetic effects. The cellular proliferation index (PI) was also calculated. Blood samples were collected from sheep, bovines and mules and peripheral blood cultures were made according to our laboratories' standard methodology. The results showed a significant increase of micronucleated cells in the lymphocytes of the exposed animals (14+/-8.79 MN/500 BNC) compared to the control (3+/-1.54 MN/500 BNC). The PI showed a nonsignificant decrease in the exposed animals. The highest MN frequency was found in mules which is probably due to their more sedentary life. Direct use of the wastewater by the animals as their source of drinking water significantly increased the frequency of cells with micronuclei. We also established an inverse correlation between the chromosome number and the PI. These results suggest a serious degradation of the ecosystem due to the wastewaters with a direct impact on its inhabitants. 相似文献
99.
Rashed Mohammed Kamal El-Senousy Waled Morsy Sayed ElSayed Tarek Abd ElSalam AlKhazindar Maha 《Food and environmental virology》2022,14(3):246-257
Food and Environmental Virology - The objective of this study was to compare human adenoviruses (HAdVs) genome and infectivity, polyomaviruses (JC and BK) genome (JCPyVs) and (BKPyVs), Pepper Mild... 相似文献
100.
Akemal M. Z. Nabilah Kamal M. Y. Md Fauzan Famiza A. L. Asiah M. N. Fadli M. Z. Sharil Fetri Z. Mohamad Natasha M. Z. Nurul 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(4):2025-2036
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) is one of the byproducts of the coal combustion process in power plants that accumulates in landfills due to its porous,... 相似文献