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41.
Benjamin Okang’ Odumo Gregoria Carbonell Hudson Kalambuka Angeyo Jayanti Purshottam Patel Manuel Torrijos José Antonio Rodríguez Martín 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(21):12426-12435
This work considered the environmental impact of artisanal mining gold activity in the Migori–Transmara area (Kenya). From artisanal gold mining, mercury is released to the environment, thus contributing to degradation of soil and water bodies. High mercury contents have been quantified in soil (140 μg kg?1), sediment (430 μg kg?1) and tailings (8,900 μg kg?1), as expected. The results reveal that the mechanism for transporting mercury to the terrestrial ecosystem is associated with wet and dry depositions. Lichens and mosses, used as bioindicators of pollution, are related to the proximity to mining areas. The further the distance from mining areas, the lower the mercury levels. This study also provides risk maps to evaluate potential negative repercussions. We conclude that the Migori–Transmara region can be considered a strongly polluted area with high mercury contents. The technology used to extract gold throughout amalgamation processes causes a high degree of mercury pollution around this gold mining area. Thus, alternative gold extraction methods should be considered to reduce mercury levels that can be released to the environment. 相似文献
42.
Furquan Ahmad Ansari Altaf Husain Khan Devendra Kumar Patel Huma Siddiqui Shachi Sharma Mohammad Ashquin Iqbal Ahmad 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):491-497
In order to evaluate the exposure of the northern India rural population to polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) inhalation, indoor pollution was assessed by collecting and analyzing the respirable particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 in several homes of the village Bhithauli near Lucknow, UP. The home selection was determined by a survey. Given the nature of biomass used for cooking, homes were divided into two groups, one using all kinds of biomass and the second type using plant materials only. Indoor mean concentrations of PM2.5 and associated PAHs during cooking ranged from 1.19 ± 0.29 to 2.38 ± 0.35 and 6.21 ± 1.54 to 12.43 ± 1.15 μg/m3, respectively. Similarly, PM10 and total PAHs were in the range of 3.95 ± 1.21 to 8.81 ± 0.78 and 7.75 ± 1.42 to 15.77 ± 1.05 μg/m3, respectively. The pollutant levels during cooking were significantly higher compared to the noncooking period. The study confirmed that indoor pollution depends on the kind of biomass fuel used for cooking. 相似文献
43.
Soumya Haldar Subir Kumar Mandal R. B. Thorat Sangita Goel Krushnakant D. Baxi Navalsang P. Parmer Vipul Patel S. Basha K. H. Mody 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(4):2231-2242
River Sabarmati is one of the biggest and major river of Gujarat that runs through two major cities of Gujarat, Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad and finally meets the Gulf of Khambhat (GoK) in the Arabian Sea. A study was conducted to evaluate the water quality of this river, as it could possibly be one of the major sources for filling up Kalpasar, the proposed man-made freshwater reservoir supposed to be the biggest one in the world. A total of nine sampling stations were established covering 163 km stretch of the river from upstream of Gandhinagar city to Vataman near Sabarmati estuary. Physicochemical (temprature, pH, salinity, chloride, total dissolved solids, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, phenol, and petroleum hydrocarbons), biological (phytoplankton), and microbiological (total and selective bacterial count) analyses indicated that the river stretch from Ahmedabad-Vasana barriage to Vataman was highly polluted due to perennial waste discharges mainly from municipal drainage and industries. An implementation of sustainable management plan with proper treatment of both municipal and industrial effluents is essential to prevent further deterioration of the water quality of this river. 相似文献
44.
Salinomycin sodium (BIO-COX) is polyether ionophore, commonly used in the poultry industries for the prevention of coccidial infections and promotion of growth. Salinomycin sodium (SAL-Na) is very toxic, and may be fatal, if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin than many other antibiotics, thus evaluating their fate in the soil environment is of importance. Sorption of SAL-Na was measured in clay, loamy sand, and sandy soil at different pH 4, 7, and 9, and desorption with phosphate buffer (pH 7) using batch equilibration technique. SAL-Na was sorbed by all the soils studied, the sorption of SAL-Na by the sandy soil increased as the pH decreased, while the sorption of salinomycin in clay and loamy sand soil increased as the pH increased. Desorption of salinomycin from the soil with phosphate buffer (pH 7) over the 24 h period was 80-95% of the amount added. The similar trend was observed in desorption with pH 4, 7 and at different concentrations and slight less desorption was observed in pH 9. When compared to clay and loamy sand soil, sandy soil was recorded maximum (95%) desorption. 相似文献
45.
Pet Waste Management by Chemical Recycling: A Review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vijaykumar Sinha Mayank R. Patel Jigar V. Patel 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(1):8-25
The paper reviews the problem due to the use and disposal of synthetic polymers to the environment and its solutions; in particular
poly (ethylene terphthalate). Wide spread application and non-biodegradability of the PET creates huge amounts of waste and
disposal, tend to a serious problem. The most important cause for recycling and reprocessing the waste PET has arisen from
the awareness and concern for environmental pollution. To manage this various methods of polymer recycling has been proposed.
Among them chemical recycling, i.e. hydrolysis, methanolysis, glycolysis and aminolysis are reviewed in detail. Appropriate
technology and waste disposal procedures based on the socio-economic aspect to solve this problem are suggested. 相似文献
46.
Jung KH Patel MM Moors K Kinney PL Chillrud SN Whyatt R Hoepner L Garfinkel R Yan B Ross J Camann D Perera FP Miller RL 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(36):4545-4552
Exposure to air pollutants has been associated with adverse health effects. However, analyses of the effects of season and ambient parameters such as ozone have not been fully conducted. Residential indoor and outdoor air levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), black carbon (measured as absorption coefficient [Abs]), and fine particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM)(2.5) were measured over two-weeks in a cohort of 5-6 year old children (n=334) living in New York City's Northern Manhattan and the Bronx between October 2005 and April 2010. The objectives were to: 1) characterize seasonal changes in indoor and outdoor levels and indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios of PAH (gas + particulate phase; dichotomized into Σ(8)PAH(semivolatile) (MW 178-206), and Σ(8)PAH(nonvolatile) (MW 228-278)), Abs, and PM(2.5); and 2) assess the relationship between PAH and ozone. Results showed that heating compared to nonheating season was associated with greater Σ(8)PAH(nonvolatile) (p<0.001) and Abs (p<0.05), and lower levels of Σ(8)PAH(semivolatile) (p<0.001). In addition, the heating season was associated with lower I/O ratios of Σ(8)PAH(nonvolatile) and higher I/O ratios of Σ(8)PAH(semivolatile) (p<0.001) compared to the nonheating season. In outdoor air, Σ(8)PAH(nonvolatile) was correlated negatively with community-wide ozone concentration (p<0.001). Seasonal changes in emission sources, air exchanges, meteorological conditions and photochemical/chemical degradation reactions are discussed in relationship to the observed seasonal trends. 相似文献
47.
Quick BL Stephenson MT Witte K Vaught C Booth-Butterfield S Patel D 《Journal of Safety Research》2008,39(3):329-338
PROBLEM: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's [NIOSH] National Occupational Research Agenda (DHHS Publication No. 96-115) reports that approximately 50% of miners will experience hearing loss by age 50, compared to only 9% of the general population. The present investigation examines three antecedents believed to be associated with miner's use of hearing protection. METHOD: A posttest-delayed-posttest-control group field research design was employed to assess antecedents toward wearing hearing protection. RESULTS: Following the initial posttest, miners' attitudes and subjective norms were antecedents to intentions to wear hearing protection devices. Also, intentions toward wearing hearing protection predicted hearing protection behaviors. Approximately six weeks later, miners' attitudes and perceived behavioral control were each significant predictors of intentions to wear hearing protection and again, intentions were positively associated with hearing protection behaviors. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Our results indicate that appeals to normative influences may be the most effective antecedent to employ when persuading coal miners to wear hearing protection. However, messages designed to impact attitudes and perceived behavioral control were also effective. 相似文献
48.
49.
Stephenson MT Witte K Vaught C Quick BL Booth-Butterfield S Patel D Zuckerman C 《Journal of Safety Research》2005,36(1):9-17
INTRODUCTION: This longitudinal field study was designed to encourage Appalachian coal miners in West Virginia and Pennsylvania to engage in hearing-protection behaviors. METHOD: Participants were mailed postcards that featured either a positive, negative, or neutral message on the outside of the postcard and a message encouraging hearing protection behaviors on the inside. The first posttest measurement of the effectiveness of the persuasive messages was conducted about a week after the postcards were mailed. The delayed posttest measurement was conducted six weeks later. RESULTS: Responses from 307 coal miners revealed that the positive or neutral messages generated significantly more self-reported hearing protection behaviors than the negative message. Identical results were obtained in a delayed posttest assessment of miners' self-reported hearing protection behaviors. The positive message was also more effective than either the neutral or negative message in preventing defensive mechanisms from emerging over time. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Positive and neutral messages were convincingly more successful than negative messages in facilitating self-reported hearing protection behaviors among coal miners. Similarly, the positive messages kept defensive processes at bay. 相似文献
50.
Surendra J. Patel 《Resources Policy》1978,4(2):126-134
This paper reviews the broad pattern of energy use, output and consumption. The voracious consumption of non-renewable energy resources by the developed countries could exhaust this asset just when the accelerated development of the Third World would begin to gather momentum, thus denying them for their own use what is primarily their major resource. The paper underlines the critical importance of cooperative policies aimed at collective self-reliance of the Third World to ensure adequate availability of energy for its development. 相似文献