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21.
Site-specific risk assessment in contaminated vegetable gardens 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A field survey was carried on in Gy?ngy?soroszi, Hungary, near to an abandoned lead/zinc mine to analyse the metal contamination of flooded and non-flooded vegetable gardens, and to evaluate the health risks to local population. Contamination levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury and zinc were measured in soil and homegrown vegetable samples and bioconcentration factors and hazard indices were calculated. The high metal contents of flooded vegetable gardens were caused by floods, the results indicated significant differences between flooded and non-flooded vegetable gardens. The most accumulating vegetable was sorrel, the most mobile elements were cadmium and lead. Arsenic was not available for vegetables. The health risk was calculated for two exposure routes: ingestion of soil and ingestion of vegetables. The site-specific exposure parameters were established after a population based survey and a special equation was created to calculate the health risk due to homegrown vegetable consumption. The highest risk was associated with ingestion of vegetables, the most hazardous element being lead. The hazard index did not exceed the threshold value of one in flooded or non-flooded gardens. The analyses of health risk indicated that despite the high metal concentrations of soil the contamination of vegetable gardens does not pose an unacceptable risk to the inhabitants of the village. 相似文献
22.
Katalin Kovari Zaim 《Environmental management》1999,23(2):271-277
10 and SO2 levels to the WHO guideline would have resulted in a total of 48.309 × 1010 and 153.38 × 1010 Turkish lira savings in 1990 and 1993, respectively. These correspond to 0.12% and 0.08% of 1990 and 1993 GDPs, respectively. 相似文献
23.
Benjamin J. Seligmann Erzsébet Németh Katalin M. Hangos Ian T. Cameron 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(4):746-759
A novel hazard identification methodology applied to process systems is presented in this paper. This blended hazard identification (BLHAZID) methodology blends two different types of HAZID methods: the function-driven and component-driven approach. The BLHAZID method is based on a conceptual framework called the Functional Systems Framework, which describes structure–function–goal relationships in process systems.The goals of the BLHAZID methodology are to generate outcomes that contain a high coverage of hazards, describe detailed failure causality in process systems and express this knowledge in a structured form for effective reused in subsequent applications, such as fault diagnosis, operator training, design reviews, fault and event tree construction and hazard updates to satisfy major hazard facility requirements.Both the BLHAZID methodology and the Functional Systems Framework were developed with involvement and advice from two major industrial partners. An industrial case study of a benzene saturation unit is presented to illustrate how the BLHAZID methodology operates in practice. 相似文献
24.
Hegyi Gergely Jenni-Eiermann Susanne Boross Nóra Garamszegi László Zsolt Laczi Miklós Kötél Dóra Krenhardt Katalin Jablonszky Mónika Markó Gábor Nagy Gergely Rosivall Balázs Szász Eszter Török János 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2019,73(6):1-14
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology - Cooperation plays a crucial role in primate social life. However, the evolution of large-scale human cooperation from the cognitive fundamentals found in other... 相似文献
25.
Katalin Bajer Orsolya Molnár János Török Gábor Herczeg 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(12):2007-2014
The role of ultraviolet (UV) signals in intraspecific communication has been identified in a number of vertebrate taxa. In
lizards, the signalling role of UV has only been shown in male–male competition and male mate choice. Here, we investigated
whether male UV colour can be a basis of female association preference in European green lizards (Lacerta viridis), a species where males develop blue nuptial throat colouration with high UV reflectance. We experimentally manipulated the
UV colour of male pairs, where the members of the pair did not differ significantly in body length, body weight, head size,
throat UV chroma and brightness or throat blue chroma and brightness measured prior to colour manipulation. By providing these
pairs of males to females (only visual stimuli could be perceived by the females), we assessed the role of UV in female association
preference irrespective of other potentially important visual traits. We found that unmated but receptive females preferred
males of higher UV reflectance. Our results show for the first time that UV colour can be an important male signal in female
preference in reptiles. 相似文献
26.
After an accidental release of radionuclides to the inhabited environment the external gamma irradiation from deposited radioactivity contributes significantly to the radiation exposure of the population for extended periods. For evaluating this exposure pathway, three main model requirements are needed: (i) to calculate the air kerma value per photon emitted per unit source area, based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulations; (ii) to describe the distribution and dynamics of radionuclides on the diverse urban surfaces; and (iii) to combine all these elements in a relevant urban model to calculate the resulting doses according to the actual scenario. This paper provides an overview about the different approaches to calculate photon transport in urban areas and about several dose calculation codes published. Two types of Monte Carlo simulations are presented using the global and the local approaches of photon transport. Moreover, two different philosophies of the dose calculation, the "location factor method" and a combination of relative contamination of surfaces with air kerma values are described. The main features of six codes (ECOSYS, EDEM2M, EXPURT, PARATI, TEMAS, URGENT) are highlighted together with a short model-model features intercomparison. 相似文献