胚胎期草甘膦铵盐暴露对中华鳖幼体的表型与生理表现的影响

草甘膦是全球范围内生产与使用量最大的除草剂。虽然草甘膦制剂被分于低毒等级,但是许多研究显示其对动物的生理、行为表达具有广泛的干扰作用。本研究将中华鳖胚胎暴露于不同浓度的草甘膦铵盐溶液以评估草甘膦除草剂对其胚胎发育及孵出幼体表型及生理表现的影响。结果显示:一定浓度范围(5～5 000 mg·L~(-1))内,草甘膦铵盐对中华鳖胚胎发育速率、孵出幼体大小、游泳能力、肝脏甘油三酯含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量以及热激蛋白70 mRNA相对表达量无显著影响。结果表明:一定浓度范围草甘膦除草剂暴露对中华鳖胚胎发育的影响较小,不改变孵出幼体的表型及其生理表现。     

Static and dynamic characteristics of SO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-O<Subscript>2</Subscript> aqueous solution in the microstructure of porous carbon materials

Porous carbon material facilitates the reaction SO₂ + O₂ + H₂O → H₂SO₄ in coal-burned flue gas for sulfur resources recovery at mild conditions. It draws a long-term mystery on its heterogeneous catalysis due to the complicated synergic effect between its microstructure and chemical components. To decouple the effects of geometric structure from chemical components, classical molecular dynamics method was used to investigate the static and dynamic characteristics of the reactants (H₂O, SO₂ and O₂) in the confined space truncated by double-layer graphene (DLG). Strong adsorption of SO₂ and O₂ by the DLG was observed, which results in the filling of the solute molecules into the interior of the DLG and the depletion of H₂O. This effect mainly results from the different affinity of the DLG to the species and can be tuned by the separation of the two graphene layers. Such dimension dependence of the static and dynamic properties like distribution profile, molecular cluster, hydrogen bond and diffusion coefficient were also studied. The conclusions drawn in this work could be helpful to the further understanding of the underlying reaction mechanism of desulfurization process in porous carbon materials and other applications of carbon-based catalysts.

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钙基吸收剂液相氧化法协同脱硫脱硝试验

采用CaCO3作为吸收剂,利用单隔板喷射鼓泡实验装置研究了NaCl02作为氧化剂的协同脱硫脱硝效果,并与KMnO4进行了对比.考察了不同试验条件对NO和SO2脱除效率的影响.实验结果表明,同等条件下NaClO2的脱硫脱硝效果优于KMnO4;低pH值有利于NaClO2氯化脱硝,但对于KMnO4氧化脱硝,pH值无明显影响;提高SO2浓度或降低NO浓度均可提高NO脱除效率,NaClO2的氧化脱硝特性较KMnO4显著;提高氧化剂加入量和喷射管浸没深度均可以提高脱硫脱硝效率.     

A steam dried municipal solid waste gasification and melting process

Considering high-moisture municipal solid waste (MSW) of China, a steam dried MSW gasification and melting process was proposed, the feasibility was tested, and the mass and energy balance was analyzed. Preliminary experiments were conducted using a fixed-bed drying apparatus, a 200 kg per day fluidized-bed gasifier, and a swirl melting furnace. Moisture percentage was reduced from 50% to 20% roughly when MSW was dried by slightly superheated steam of 150°C–350°C within 40 min. When the temperature was less than 250°C, no incondensable gas was produced during the drying process. The gasifier ran at 550°C–700°Cwith an air equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.2–0.4. The temperature of the swirl melting furnace reached about 1240°C when the gasification ER was 0.3 and the total ER was 1.1. At these conditions, the fly ash concentration in the flue gas was 1.7 g·(Nm³)⁻¹, which meant over 95% fly ash was trapped in the furnace and discharged as slag. 85% of Ni and Cr were bound in the slag, as well as 60% of Cu. The mass and energy balance analysis indicates that the boiler heat efficiency of an industrial MSW incineration plant reaches 86.97% when MSW is dried by steam of 200°C. The boiler heat efficiency is sensitive to three important parameters, including the temperature of preheated MSW, the moisture percentage of dried MS Wand the fly ash percentage in the total ash.     

尿素添加剂湿法烟气脱氮的试验研究

在填有金属鲍尔环的管式吸收反应器中,分别研究了尿素含量、添加剂(三乙醇胺)浓度、吸收柱彳丁效高度、烟气浓度对NOx脱除效率的影响。试验结果表明,尿素含量和添加剂浓度的增加可以少量提高脱氮效率：烟气浓度的大小对脱氮效率的影响不大;吸收柱有效高度对脱氮效率的影响较大。     

革用水性聚氨酯的研究

为适应可持续发展的需要,有必要寻找水性聚氨酯产品来替代原有产品。通过大量研究试验,对不同原材料进行对比筛选,已经开发出一批在模最、透湿量、耐挠等许多性能方面都较好的溶剂型聚氨酯浆料的水性浆料。     

尾矿代粘土在干法回转窑水泥生产中的应用研究

为获取尾矿在干法回转窑水泥生产应用的技术参数,在对尾矿和粘土特性进行分析的基础上,在2500t·d-1的新型干法回转窑生产线上进行了浙江诸暨铜尾矿替代粘土配料的应用试验研究.试验采用循序渐进的方法,诸暨铜尾矿按质量分数为1%、2%、3%、5%依次在生产原料中掺配,对试验熟料样品进行了化学成分分析和矿物组成X射线衍射(XRD)分析.试验结果表明,掺铜尾矿生产得到的熟料化学组成和游离氧化钙(f-CaO)含量正常,熟料烧成情况良好;与掺粘土熟料相比,掺铜尾矿熟料矿物组成结构有所调整,早强和高强矿物含量有所增加.熟料物性检测表明,掺铜尾矿生产得到的熟料的各项性能指标均满足技术要求,熟料各龄期强度指标与掺粘土熟料相比略有提高.掺铜尾矿配料与粘土配料主要生产运行指标统计分析表明,试验过程在干法回转窑生产运行稳定的情况下,掺铜尾矿配料较粘土配料,其熟料平均日产量提高10.07%,熟料标煤耗降低8.29%.     

Photocatalytic decomposition on nano-TiO₂: destruction of chloroaromatic compounds

Photocatalysis is applied increasingly in addressing and solving environmental and energy-related problems. Especially the TiO₂-derived catalysts attract attention because of their catalytic efficiency, wide range of applications, ease in use, and low cost (it costs about 150 Yuan a kilogram in China). This review first describes the principles of photocatalytic destruction by semiconductors and then focuses on degradation rates and reaction mechanisms in a variety of photocatalytic uses of modified TiO₂. Finally, these concepts are illustrated by selected examples relating to the photocatalytic degradation of organic persistent pollutants, such as polychlorinated benzenes (PCBz), biphenyls (PCB) and dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). And some approaches towards industrial application are analyzed.     

ZnCl2法污泥含炭吸附剂对模拟烟气中气态汞的吸附

采用改进的ZnCl₂化学活化法制备污泥含炭吸附剂,利用EDS以及氮吸附等多种测试手段对所制得的污泥含炭吸附剂进行表征,并利用其处理模拟烟气汞污染物,实验结果表明,污泥含炭吸附剂对Hg0的吸附包括物理吸附作用和化学吸附作用,以物理吸附作用为主;随着Hg0入口浓度的提高,污泥含炭吸附剂的Hg0饱和吸附容量增大;随着吸附反应温度的升高污泥含炭吸附对Hg0的吸附作用减弱;在吸附反应温度125℃,Hg0入口浓度60.4 μg/m³,污泥含炭吸附剂和选定的活性炭对Hg0的吸附容量分别为81.2 μg/g和53.8 μg/g,污泥含炭吸附剂对Hg0的吸附作用好于选定的活性炭。