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排序方式: 共有197条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
161.
Source identification of PCDD/Fs in agricultural soils near to a Chinese MSWI plant through isomer-specific data analysis 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Isomer-specific data were investigated in order to identify the sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in agricultural soils, including Fluvo-aquic and paddy soils, in the vicinity of a Chinese municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant. Homologue and isomer profiles of PCDD/Fs in soils were compared with those of potential sources, including combustion sources, i.e., MSWI flue gas and fly ash; and the impurities in agrochemicals, such as the pentachlorophenol (PCP), sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP-Na) and 1,3,5-trichloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy) benzene (CNP). The results showed that the PCDD/F isomer profiles of combustion sources and agricultural soils were very similar, especially for PCDFs, although their homologue profiles varied, indicating that all the isomers within each homologue behave identically in the air and soil. Moreover, factor analysis of the isomer compositions among 33 soil samples revealed that the contamination of PCDD/Fs in agricultural soils near the MSWI plant were primarily influenced by the combustion sources, followed by the PCP/PCP-Na and CNP sources. This implication is consistent with our previous findings based on chemometric analysis of homologue profiles of soil and flue gas samples, and identifies PCP/PCP-Na as an additional important source of PCDD/Fs in the local area. This makes the similarities and differences of isomer profiles between Fluvo-aquic and paddy soils more explainable. It is, therefore, advisable to use isomer-specific data for PCDD/F source identifications where possible. 相似文献
162.
Sheng-Yong Lu Yingzhe Du Xiao-Dong Li Ming-Jiang Ni Ke-Fa Cen 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):717-724
The distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), in brief dioxins, has seldom been addressed systematically in fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs). This study shows the amount and fingerprint of PCDD/Fs in fly ash from four different Chinese MSWIs, that is, three mechanical grate units and one circulating fluidized bed unit. In these fly ash samples, dioxins-related parameters (international toxic equivalent quantity, total amount of PCDD/Fs, individual isomer classes, and 17 toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners) all tend to increase with decreasing particle size for mechanical grate incinerators, yet only for the finest fraction for fluidized bed units. Moreover, the fluidized bed incinerator seems superior to grate incineration in controlling dioxins, yet a comparison is hampered by internal differences in the sample, for example, the fluidized bed fly ash has much lower carbon and chlorine contents. In addition, the presence of sulfur from mixing coal as supplemental fuel to the MSW may poison the catalytic steps in dioxins formation and thus suppress the formation of dioxins. With more residual carbon and chlorine in the fly ash, it is easier to form dioxins during cooling. Nevertheless, there is no apparent relation between Fe, Cu, and Zn contents and that of dioxins in fly ash.
Implications This paper is of interest because it presents the amounts and distribution of PCDD/Fs in fly ash samples from some typical waste incineration plants in China, featuring distinct incinerator types, combustion conditions, fuel composition, or residual carbon, chloride, and heavy metal contents in fly ash. 相似文献
163.
文章以抽样调查数据为基础,从人员、任务、地位等方面详细分析制约当前环境监测系统效能发挥的问题,提出引导环境监测站纳入公益一类事业单位、进一步提升监测站系统能力建设水平和切实保障环境监测系统运行经费是破解当前矛盾的关键。 相似文献
164.
165.
166.
Lu SY Du Y Yan JH Li XD Ni MJ Cen KF 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(6):717-724
The distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), in brief dioxins, has seldom been addressed systematically in fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs). This study shows the amount and fingerprint of PCDD/Fs in fly ash from four different Chinese MSWIs, that is, three mechanical grate units and one circulating fluidized bed unit. In these fly ash samples, dioxins-related parameters (international toxic equivalent quantity, total amount of PCDD/Fs, individual isomer classes, and 17 toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners) all tend to increase with decreasing particle size for mechanical grate incinerators, yet only for the finest fraction for fluidized bed units. Moreover, the fluidized bed incinerator seems superior to grate incineration in controlling dioxins, yet a comparison is hampered by internal differences in the sample, for example, the fluidized bed fly ash has much lower carbon and chlorine contents. In addition, the presence of sulfur from mixing coal as supplemental fuel to the MSW may poison the catalytic steps in dioxins formation and thus suppress the formation of dioxins. With more residual carbon and chlorine in the fly ash, it is easier to form dioxins during cooling. Nevertheless, there is no apparent relation between Fe, Cu, and Zn contents and that of dioxins in fly ash. 相似文献
167.
滑动弧放电等离子体裂解正己烷实验研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
考察了一种新型低温等离子体发生方式滑动弧放电对正己烷的裂解效果,检测了主要裂解产物,并分析了供给电压、正己烷初始浓度、电极材料和反应器结构对裂解率的影响.结果表明,该法可以有效处理正己烷,最高裂解率达96%.在空气中的主要裂解产物为CO2、CO、NO2和H2O.增大供给电压可以提高正己烷裂解率;初始浓度增大后裂解率下降,但绝对处理量增大;相同能耗情况下,采用铁电极时能量利用率最低,正己烷裂解率低于铝电极和铜电极;电极最小间距和喷嘴直径之间的比例关系影响裂解效果,优化两者的匹配关系可以提高裂解率. 相似文献
168.
169.
Yu Y Schleicher N Norra S Fricker M Dietze V Kaminski U Cen K Stüben D 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(2):334-346
Systematic sampling and analysis were performed to investigate the dynamics and the origin of suspended particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM(2.5)), in Beijing, China from 2005 to 2008. Identifying the source of PM(2.5) was the main goal of this project, which was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The concentrations of 19 elements, black carbon (BC) and the total mass in 158 weekly PM(2.5) samples were measured. The statistical evaluation of the data from factor analysis (FA) identifies four main sources responsible for PM(2.5) in Beijing: (1) a combination of long-range transport geogenic soil particles, geogenic-like particles from construction sites and the anthropogenic emissions from steel factories; (2) road traffic, industry emissions and domestic heating; (3) local re-suspended soil particles; (4) re-suspended particles from refuse disposal/landfills and uncontrolled dumped waste. Special attention has been paid to seven high concentration "episodes", which were further analyzed by FA, enrichment factor analysis (EF), elemental signatures and backward-trajectory analysis. These results suggest that long-range transport soil particles contribute much to the high concentration of PM(2.5) during dust days. This is supported by mineral analysis which showed a clear imprint of component in PM(2.5). Furthermore, the ratios of Mg/Al have been proved to be a good signature to trace back different source areas. The Pb/Ti ratio allows the distinction between periods of predominant anthropogenic and geogenic sources during high concentration episodes. Backward-trajectory analysis clearly shows the origins of these episodes, which partly corroborate the FA and EF results. This study is only a small contribution to the understanding of the meteorological and source driven dynamics of PM(2.5) concentrations. 相似文献
170.
研究了化学活化法热解制取污泥衍生吸附剂的工艺过程,得出相应工艺条件.利用污泥衍生吸附剂吸附溶液中重金属离子Pb2 ,得到动力学模型.实验结果表明:(1)该吸附过程分为3个阶段:初始阶段(t≤20 min)、过渡阶段(20 min<t≤30 min)和后期阶段(t>30 min),满足线性方程dC/dt=kC;(2)该吸附过程的吸附活化能E=26.5 kJ/mol,吸附频率因子A=6900 s-1.整个吸附过程为扩散吸附,吸附传质速度由孔隙扩散阶段和内表面吸附共同控制. 相似文献