关于环境监测社会化的调查与思考

环境监测社会化在我国还处于探索阶段,社会化的根本目的是有序引入社会力量共同参与,提供更多、更好的监测服务。为此,环境监测社会化应坚持政府主导、社会参与的总体格局,引导环保监测机构重点强化环境监测网络运行管理、技术标准研发制定、监督性或执法性监测、环境质量预报预警及污染事故应急监测、监测数据质量控制及汇总分析等职能,同时因地制宜地确定环境监测社会化区域策略,严格规范社会检测的行为,确保监测市场有序开放、公平竞争、风险可控。     

Biosorption of lead(II) in aqueous solution by spent mushroom Tricholoma lobayense

The biosorption of lead(II) ions in both simulated and real wastewater by spent mushroom Tricholoma lobayense, was studied in this work. The results show a biomass with a high potential for removing lead ions from wastewater. The optimum pH for the adsorption is 4, and the adsorption process is fast. The best sorbent mass of the biomaterial is 5 g/L with an initial lead(II) concentration of 1 mmol/L. The process follows the Langmuir isotherm model, and the biosorption capacity of lead ions reaches to 210 mg/g, which is higher than many biosorbents previously studied. The mechanism of biosorption may be mainly attributed to ion exchange. The FT-IR study identifies the functional groups responsible for this process. A scanning electron microscope showed a significant change of the sorbent surface after the biosorption process. The energy dispersive elemental analysis also confirmed the adsorption of lead(II) ions.     

Distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in ambient air of different regions in China

Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were determined in fourteen ambient air samples collected in twelve cities of five provinces and one large municipality in China. The PCDD/F concentrations varied from 2.6 to 120 pg m⁻³ (or from 0.04 to 1.93 pg I-TEQ m⁻³). Generally, TCDF was the dominant homologue group and as a rule the homologue concentration of PCDF decreased with rising chlorine substitution number of PCDF. In all cases 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF was the most important contributor to the I-TEQ value, accounting for 35–57% of the total I-TEQ value. Higher PCDD/F levels in ambient air were found during winter. The highest PCDD/F levels were found in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. In general, the PCDD/F levels in this study were in the same range as in other studies in China.     

A pilot plant using immobilized cells for dye removal from dye manufacturing wastes

A pilot plant was set up to treat dye waste water. The flow of the plant begins with a chemical pretreatment step following by an immobilized decolorizing bacteria reactor and an ordinary activated sludge reactor at the end. Results from the seven months' operation show that the decolorization effect of the immobilized cell reactor worked satisfactorily. The effluent colour always remained below 100 with the influent colour as high as 4000 or more. The COD of the effluent could also meet the discharge standard, around 60 mg L⁻¹. The immobilized cell reactor has an ability to reduce the BOD/COD ratio of the waste, suggesting that it can degrade the recalcitrant pollutants easily. The results show that it is a high-efficiency and low-cost process suitable to be developed into full-scale application.     

煤粉再燃对锅炉CO及N2O排放控制的试验研究

结合CO和N2O的生成及分解机理，利用2．11 WM燃煤半工业炉进行了煤粉再燃试验，研究了煤粉再燃技术对锅炉CO和N2O排放的控制效果．试验发现，随再燃比的增加和再燃区过量空气系数的减少，CO和N2O的脱除效果增强；过高或过低的一级燃烧区过量空气系数均不利于CO的脱除；N2O的脱除随一级燃烧区过量空气系数的增大而增大．煤粉炉应用煤粉再燃技术可以实现CO和N2O的同时脱除，因而可开发该技术在燃煤锅炉中的多种污染物联合控制能力。     

推行无铅汽油对交通道路环境空气的影响分析

通过环境空气铅污染的调查对沈阳市推行无铅汽油，治理铅污染的效果进行分析评价。     

燃煤流化床锅炉PAHs排放的试验研究

针对大型燃煤循环流化床锅炉，研究锅炉负荷和钙硫比对烟气中及电除器飞灰中多环芳烃含量和种类的影响，试验结果表明：随着锅炉负荷和钙硫比升高，烟气中和飞灰中多环芳烃的种类和含量减少，但负荷和钙硫比对烟气中和飞灰中多环芳烃的影响效果是不同的。