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33.
Jun Shishido Keiko Yoshii Yoshihiro Takubo Koji Yamamoto Takeshi Yamamoto Yoshiko Kato Tsutomu Nishihara Masaomi Kondo 《Chemosphere》1984,13(2):321-330
A retrieval system of mass spectra based upon the Probability Based Matching method was studied in order to apply it to survey the chemicals in environments by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-computer system. As retrieval indices, peak missing probability and relative confidence value were proposed. 相似文献
34.
In order to evaluate the selenium (Se) sorption level in Japanese soils, soil/soil solution distribution coefficients (K(d)s) were obtained for 58 agricultural soil samples (seven soil classification groups) using 75Se as a tracer. Although several chemical forms of Se are present in agricultural fields, selenite was used, because it is the major inorganic Se form in acid soils such as found in Japan. The Kd values obtained covered a wide range, from 12 to 1060l/kg, and their arithmetic mean was 315l/kg. Among the soil groups, Andosols had higher Kd values. The Kd values for all samples were highly correlated with soil active-aluminum (Al) and active-iron (Fe) contents. Thus, active-Al and active-Fe were considered to be the major adsorbents of Se. Then, a new sequential extraction procedure was applied to 12 soil samples in order to quantify the effect of soil components on Se adsorption. The sequential extraction results showed that 80-100% of the adsorbed Se was recovered as Al-bound Se and Fe-bound Se. The amount of Al-bound Se was the highest in the soils that showed high Kd values, though the relative contribution of Fe-bound Se tended to increase with decreasing Kd values. The high values of Kd seemed to be caused mainly by the adsorption of Se onto active-Al in Japanese soils. 相似文献
35.
The organotrophic potentiality of heterotrophic microorganisms 50 cm above the ocean floor (5,207 m depth) was measured in situ, at a station in the subarctic Pacific Ocean (44° N; 154° E). In certain enriched deep-sea samples incubated in situ, the microorganisms exhibited nearly the same organotrophic activity as those in the surface water layers. Rod-shaped barophilic bacteria (0.4 to 0.6 μ x 1.0 to 2.0 μ), which multiplied at a generation time of about 10 h, were responsible for this activity. 相似文献
36.
Hayato Hattori Ryo Yoshiie Hiroshi Moritomi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(3):284-292
In Japan, incineration ash is subjected to a melting process to reduce waste volume and to stabilize hazardous heavy metals.
In previous articles, we reported that large quantities of volatile metals are emitted under ash-melting conditions at temperatures
higher than 1200°C and that such emissions are considerably increased under reducing conditions. However, the emission behavior
in the presence of large amounts of char particles was unclear, and we suspected that emissions under these conditions might
differ from emissions under the previous conditions. Therefore, we investigated heavy metal emissions and the melting characteristics
of ash in the presence of carbon particles. In this experiment, a small crucible with ash and carbon was rapidly heated using
a high-frequency induction-heating furnace to simulate the melting ash gasification with carbon. As a result, it was found
that additive carbon can promote emissions of heavy metals such as zinc and lead and control the melt of the ash. 相似文献
37.
Takashi Kuriwada Norikuni Kumano Keiko Shiromoto Dai Haraguchi 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(7):1483-1489
Inadvertent selection is an important genetic process that frequently occurs during laboratory culture. The mass-reared strain
of the sweet potato weevil Cylas formicarius exhibits stronger inbreeding depression than the wild strain does. When inbreeding depression occurs in a population, mating
with a close relative is often considered maladaptive; however, in some contexts, the inclusive fitness benefits of inbreeding
may outweigh the costs, favoring individuals that tolerate a low level of inbreeding depression. Theory predicts that mass-reared
strain weevils will avoid inbreeding while wild strain weevils will tolerate inbreeding. To examine this prediction, we compared
the effect of relatedness on the mating and insemination successes in mass-reared and wild strains of C. formicarius. While close relative pairs of the wild strain copulated less frequently than non-kin pairs, almost all mass-reared strain
pairs copulated irrespective of relatedness. The results showed that the strain with weak inbreeding depression (wild strain)
avoided inbreeding, whereas the strain with strong inbreeding depression (mass-reared strain) tolerated inbreeding. The contradiction
between the theoretical prediction and our results is discussed from the perspective of laboratory adaptation, mating systems,
and life history of C. formicarius. 相似文献
38.
Ilan Kelman Robin Spence Jason Palmer Marla Petal Keiko Saito 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2008,12(3):105-113
The 26 December 2004 tsunamis around the Indian Ocean exposed the vulnerability of many coastal communities, including those
serving tourists. To draw conclusions regarding disaster risk reduction for tourism in coastal areas, this study surveyed
international tourists who survived the tsunami regarding their perceptions and experiences of the disaster. Semi-structured
interviews were completed between January and June 2005 of 55 primary interviewees who were international tourists in locations
affected by the tsunami. The qualitative data from the interviews yielded commonalities across four main themes with relevance
to disaster risk reduction: information and awareness, warning systems, personal preparation, and livelihoods. Three areas
are suggested as topics to highlight for further investigation: the connections between sustainable tourism and disaster vulnerability,
the role of tourists in disasters, and disaster risk reduction education. 相似文献
39.
H. Hattori 《Marine Biology》1989,103(1):39-50
Diel changes in fine-scale vertical distributions of three calanoid copepods Metridia pacifica, M. okhotensis and Pleuromamma scutullata in the subarctic waters of the western North Pacific were examined. Sampling was carried out in June and August 1983, at two stations in Oyashio water using a Longhurst-Hardy Plankton Recorder (LHPR). Sampling, down to about 1 000 m, was repeated four to five times at intervals of several hours. Vertical resolution was 5 to 40 m. Copepods were concentrated in two strata, the surface (0 to 60 m) and the mesopelagic (200 to 300 m) layers, throughout the day at both stations. Younger M. pacifica (C III and C IV) were dominant in both strata. Although most female C V and adult females demonstrated diel vertical migration at 20 to 30 m h-1, a significant number of females did not migrate upward but remained in the deep stratum at night. The same trend was evident in M. ohkotensis and P. scutullata. Foregut content observations indicated that feeding activities of the deep mode populations were as high as those of the surface mode, though food of deep individuals was different. Such a bimodal distribution may increase intraspecific diversity of copepod populations and is possibly why metridiid copepods dominate during late summer to winter in the relatively simple ecosystems of high latitudes. 相似文献
40.
The salting-out effect by seawater constituents on the water solubilities of 11 aromatic compounds, anthracene, pyrene, phenanthrene, biphenyl, naphthalene, p-nitrotoluene, p-toluidine, o-nitrophenol, m-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol and phenol was investigated. A best fit equation (r = 0.965) for the salting-out parameters, K, and distilled water solubilities, So, at 20°C was found to be K = ?0.0298 log So + 0.114. Seawater solubilities, S, predicted for solutions of ionic strength, I, using the equation log S = (0.0298 I + 1) log So ? 0.114 I were in agreement with observed values within 13 % (average 4.8 %) and there were no significant differences between values from the Pacific Ocean seawater and those from 35 o/oo NaCl solutions. It was concluded that dissolved organic matter in seawater had an insignificant effect for the test chemicals. 相似文献