Arsenic and chromate removal from water by iron chips-Effects of anions

The purpose of this study is to estimate the removal efficiency of As and Cr (VI) by one kind of industrial waste — iron chips, as well as to estimate the effects of typical inorganic anions (sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate), and typical organic anions (citrate, oxalate, and humate) on As or Cr (VI) removal. The results showed that 98% of As (V) and 92% of As (III) could be removed from aqueous phase by the iron chips within 60 min. Compared with As species, Cr (VI) was removed much more rapidly and efficiently with 97% of Cr (VI) being removed within 25 min. The removal efficiency for arsenic was in the order: As (III) (sulfate), As (III) (nitrate) or As (III), As (III) (humate), As (III) (oxalate), As (III) (citrate), As (III) (phosphate), and for chromate was in the order: Cr (VI) (sulfate), Cr (VI) (phosphate) or Cr (VI) (nitrate) or Cr (VI) (oxalate), Cr (VI), Cr (VI) (citrate), Cr (VI) (humate). In all the treatments, pH level increased with time except for As (III), the removal of which was either without anions or in the presence of humate or nitrate.     

有机磺酸类化合物的络合萃取研究

本文以三烷基胺为络合剂,正辛醇,煤油,氯仿,四氯化碳等为稀释剂,测定了络合萃取剂对于对甲基苯磺酸,磺基水杨酸稀溶液的相平衡分配系数,讨论了稀释剂,体系ＰＨ值和７３０１络合剂含量对萃取相平衡分配系数Ｄ值的影响,确定了形成的萃合物的组成。     

Bayesian analysis under ordered functions of parameters

Ordered parameter problems arise in a wide variety of real world situations and are dealt with extensively in the literature. Traditional frequentist methods for dealing with these problems are rather complicated theoretically, especially when sample sizes are small. Bayesian methods are not widely used because high dimensional numerical integration is often required. However, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods provide alternatives to such numerical integration and also deal with ordered parameter problems in a straightforward manner. Little is known about the situation where functions of parameters are ordered. Such problems may seem to be of little practical concern initially, but one can readily see their importance in situations where ordering is placed on the means and variances of several normal or Gamma populations. For the Gamma distribution we will present real examples where we will analyze monthly precipitation data from San Francisco, California and Oakland Mills, Iowa. For the San Francisco data we will simultaneously order both monthly precipitation means and variances. For the Iowa data we will place ordering on seasonal average while still estimating monthly means. Our results show that we would obtain sharper, more accurate inference when order restrictions are employed.     

采油废水的深度处理回用

采用溶气气浮—生物接触氧化—膜分离组合工艺深度处理采油废水。实验结果表明,出水水质满足热采锅炉进水要求。该法可年处理废水1.3×105m3,产水率按50%计,年节约新鲜水和废水回灌费用共计77.88万元,年节水效益为21.71万元。     

改性Y沸石催化降解聚苯乙烯的研究

用热重分析方法研究了HY沸石与改性Y沸石(UHY)作为催化降解聚苯乙烯的催化剂对聚苯乙烯催化降解的作用及影响,对聚苯乙烯的催化降解与热降解反应产物进行了比较。结果表明,催化剂的存在能显著地降低聚苯乙烯的降解温度,催化剂的酸量和孔结构对聚苯乙烯的降解温度、活化能、积炭的生成量及裂解产物有很大的影响。     

气相色谱法测定大气中烯烃的研究

采用硅胶－ＡｇＮＯ３富集样品,热解吸进样,气相色谱法分析大气中的烃一,富集过程在常温下进行。当富集样品０．１Ｌ时,乙烯,丙烯,丁二烯的最小检有度分别为０．０００６ｍｇ／ｍ＾３,０．００１ｍｇ／ｍ＾３、０．００４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３,相对标准偏差小于６％,加标回收率９７％－１０９％。     

西北地区沙尘暴引发的荒漠化问题

从西北地区继1993～1995年连续3a出现沙尘暴之后，1996年甘肃和内蒙古西部的阿盟等地再次遭到沙尘暴的袭击入手，分析了沙尘暴发生的原因，指出它归根结底是荒漠化的直接后果。概述了荒漠化的状况及危害，并分析了其成因。     

地面运动转动分量的合成方法

假设近场地面运动由体波产生（忽略面波的影响）,根据弹性半空间的平面谐波理论,提出了利用平动分量加速度记录合成地面转动加速时程的方法。该方法考虑了由于实际介质的不均匀性而产生的地震波频散现象。     

智能电网——大规模风、光电并网瓶颈问题的解决方案

针对大规模风、光发电集中接入电网后产生的负荷波动性及电能质量较差,给电网带来的安全性和稳定性问题,通过分析对比发现,智能电网具有很好的智能性、灵活性和兼容性,不但成功地解决了上述问题还可以适应多种形式的电源接入并能将其成功消纳。研究表明:发展智能电网是解决大规模风、光发电并网瓶颈问题的最佳方案。     

地震救援人员的心理伤害与预防

随着我国救灾体系的完善,有组织直接参与地震救援的人员群体随之增大。地震救援人员自身的心理救护问题也开始暴露,成为一个现实问题。综述了地震救援人员在地震救援中产生心理伤害的主要原因,分析了专业地震救援队员、应急救治人员和地震救援志愿者等不同类型的群体在地震现场形成的心理问题和特点。因为受到的训练不同,地震救援与实际工作的经验不同,事前受到训练与有过救援经历的人受到心理伤害的可能性相对较小。据此,提出了事前干预进行心理训练的建议。