解决压载水微生物入侵性传播研究的国际动态

船舶压载水排放造成了地理性隔离水体间的生物入侵，是有害微生物传播的最主要途径。有害水生生物和病原体通过压载水传播，严重威胁侵入国的经济、环境及人类健康，已引起世界范围的广泛关注，许多国家都已开始着手调查外来生物入侵现状，研究管理措施、治理对策及方法。文中对此作一综述。     

高硫石油焦燃料的污染物排放特性研究

介绍了高硫石油焦燃料燃烧时的污染物的排放特性。试验结果显示 :通过添加石灰石、控制其燃烧温度的方法 ,可使其燃烧时的尾部烟气成份中的SO2 和NOx 达到国家环境排放标准。从而为高硫石油焦作为一种燃料应用于循环流化床锅炉提供了必要的实验数据。     

复合混凝剂处理印染废水的研究

聚合硫酸铝，聚合硫酸铁，以及更为复杂的聚合物硫酸铝铁作混凝剂处理COD为1000－3000mg/L印染废水的最佳工艺条件pH范围为7.5-8.5；搅拌速率为130r/min;搅拌时间为20分钟；一次处理混凝剂投加量为240mg/l，沉降时间为120分钟，COD去除率在85％左右。若分二次处理效果更好。     

不安全动作定义的研究

为更好地识别和预防不安全动作的发生,需要更准确、具体地定义不安全动作,本文首先通过研究海因里希4个版本《产业事故预防》著作对不安全动作的定义,并结合国内部分学者的观点,探究事故致因理论与不安全动作定义的关系;给出"2-4"模型对不安全动作的定义,并与海因里希定义进行对比分析.研究表明:研究不安全动作的"通用定义"没有意义,组织应参考"一个事故致因模型、一个不安全动作定义";相比于海因里希的定义,"2-4"模型能够通过定性定量方法结合的方式,明确不安全动作的分类和识别方法,更加合理地界定动作发出者的范围,并结合模型的事故致因链给出不安全动作的来源,使其概念更为清晰、具体.     

细胞融合高效菌株对氧乐果生产废水中有机磷的去除

两株具有单重抗药性的突变菌株S-8菌株(Str+,Kan-)和K-17菌株(Str-,Kan+),其活性污泥对氧乐果生产废水有机磷的去除率分别达58%和51%,对COD的去除率分别达78%和82%。以S-8菌株和K-17菌株作为亲本菌株进行原生质体融合,其正交试验的优化条件为:PEG浓度40%;促融时间4min;用0.015 mol/LCa2+处理;pH 10.0;添加20μL/ml细胞壁再生引物,融合率达4.617×10-5。用双层药物平板筛选融合细胞,获取了既能降解有机磷又能降低COD值的融合子F2。结果表明,用融合子F2菌株增殖而成的活性污泥对上述氧乐果生产废水有机磷的去除率达78%,COD的去除率达88%。     

都市工业园区规划环评的实践与思考

通过对白沙洲都市工业园规划环评筹备、撰写、执行等环节的剖析,总结了该规划环评的特点,并指出基层环保组织在推动规划环评过程中所起的作用。对应用规划环评成果为园区和谐快速发展服务提出建议。着重探讨了基层环保部门该如何推动规划环评,促进城市中心老工业区改造,发展都市工业因,乃至生态工业园,实现城区经济又好又快发展。提出了法律赋予环保部门管理规划环评的职权不足、公众参与流于形式、规划环评法律约束不力等规刘环评实践过程中遇到的主要问题,并给出建议。     

护栏伤人事故的行为原因研究

为有效预防护栏卡脖伤人事故的再次发生,统计研究了2008—2016年发生的8起护栏卡脖伤人事故,以事故致因"2-4"模型为分析工具对事故发生的行为原因进行分析,结果表明:事故发生的直接原因包括直接不安全动作即在护栏边休息等,其它不安全动作和不安全物态即形状、间隙大小不合理的护栏等;间接原因是受害者、行人、护栏设计生产者、管理运营者、标准制定者的安全知识、意识、习惯、生理、心理存在问题;根本原因是家庭、社区、公司、生产厂家、管理运营单位、国家标准制定单位等组织安全管理体系的缺欠;根源原因是上述组织的安全文化缺欠。最后,针对事故所涉及的组织分别提出预防对策。     

Adsorption-oxidation of hydrogen sulfide on Fe/walnut-shell activated carbon surface modified by NH3-plasma

Walnut-shell activated carbon(WSAC) supported ferric oxide was modified by non-thermal plasma(NTP), and the removal efficiency for hydrogen sulfide over Fe/WSAC modified by dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) was significantly promoted. The sample modified for10 min and 6.8 k V output(30 V input voltage) maintained 100% H2 S conversion over a long reaction time of 390 min. The surface properties of adsorbents modified by NTP under different conditions were evaluated by the methods of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) analysis and in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), to help understand the effect of the NTP treatment. NTP treatment enhanced the adsorption capacity of Fe/WSAC, which could due to the formation of micro-pores with sizes of0.4, 0.5 and 0.75 nm. XPS revealed that chemisorbed oxygen changed into lattice oxygen after NTP treatment, and lattice oxygen is beneficial for H2 S oxidation. From the in-situ FTIR result,transformation of the reaction path on Fe/WSAC was observed after NTP modification. The research results indicate that NTP is an effective method to improve the surface properties of the Fe/WSAC catalyst for H2 S adsorption-oxidation.     

新试剂P—NPAQ的合成及其与铜的显色反应研究

合成了新试剂5-(4-硝基苯偶氮)-8-氨基喹啉(P-NPAQ),其结构经红外光谱和元素分析证实.研究了P-NPAQ与铜的显色反应及其最佳条件,在Tween60存在下,铜与P-NPAQ在碱性介质中形成1:2的紫红色配合物,其最大吸收峰位于605nm处,摩尔吸光系数ε=5.92 ×10~4l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),铜量在0-20μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律.该方法简便、快速,可不经分离,用于环境样品中铜的测定.     

Selection of microalgae for high CO2 fixation efficiency and lipid accumulation from ten Chlorella strains using municipal wastewater

As significant differences in cellular physiology, metabolic potential and genetics occur among strains with morphological similarity, the screening of appropriate microalgae species for effective CO₂ fixation and biodiesel production is extremely critical. In this study, ten strains of Chlorella were cultivated in municipal wastewater influent (MWI) and their tolerance for MWI, CO₂ fixation efficiency and lipid productivity were assessed. The results showed that the biomass concentrations of four strains (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella 64.01, Chlorella regularis var. minima and Chlorella sp.) were significantly higher than other strains. When the cultivation systems were aerated with 10% CO₂, Chlorella sp. showed the highest CO₂ fixation efficiency (35.51%), while the highest lipid accumulation (58.48%) was observed with C. vulgaris. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the cells of both Chlorella sp. and C. vulgaris kept their normal morphologies after 15 day batch culture. These findings indicated that Chlorella sp. and C. vulgaris have fairly good tolerance for MWI, and moreover, Chlorella sp. was appropriate for CO₂ fixation while C. vulgaris represented the highest potential for producing biodiesel.