电子垃圾处理研究现状及对策

市场经济的飞速发展带来电子产品的更新换代,电子垃圾已成为目前增速最快的垃圾,如何解决其污染问题,充分利用其中的宝贵资源,是摆在人们面前的一个不容忽视的环境问题.文章在介绍国内外的电子垃圾产生及污染情况的基础上,对我国电子垃圾如何处理提出了对策.     

Homology modeling of anti-parathion antibody and its interaction with organophosphorous pesticides and analogues

The mechanism of specific recognition in pesticide immunochemistry was investigated by computer-based strategy, and a rapid method for the identification of antibody specificity was developed. Based on the previously produced anti-parathion monoclonal antibody (mAb), the DNA sequence was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From the translated amino acid sequences, a three-dimensional structure of the antibody was constructed by homology modeling method, and then it was coordinated by 1 ns molecular dynamics under the explicit solvent condition. The stereochemical property and folding quality were further assessed by Procheck and Profile-3D. The self-compatibility score for the antibody model was 98.7, which was greater than the low score 46.2 and close to the top score 102.6. In addition, parathion and several structural analogues were docked to the constructed antibody structure. The docking results showed that the interaction energy (-40.54 kcal/mol) of antibody-parathion complex was the lowest among all the tested pesticides, which accounted for the high specificity of the antibody to parathion and perfectly matched with the experimental data. Moreover, three residues, Phe165, Asp107 and Thr100 were recognized as the most important residues for antibody reacting with parathion. The interaction energy negatively correlated with the antibody specificity.     

水电建设区的生态环境监测与评价——以向家坝水电站为例

水电工程的建设对区域环境会产生不可逆转的重大扰动,生态环境监测与预警作为大型水电工程建设的重要环节,为工程区域环境问题分析与研究提供详实的数据支撑,对区域生态环境的修复至关重要。以向家坝水电站为例,分析水电工程建设对区域环境产生扰动的特点,结合产生扰动的各环境要素,构建工程施工区环境监测体系。收集、整理相关监测数据,采用环境因子综合评价法对监测的相关数据进行分析和评价,结合各种环境因子的现状以及变化过程、总结区域环境总体状况的变化规律及空间分布。结果表明：自2007年工程大规模动工以来,区域的生态脆弱度大幅度升高,2008年达到顶峰,自2009年起环境开始改善,保持优于2007、2008年的状况;最脆弱区域为主体工程和云天化生产区交接地区,低度脆弱区域为河流及工程量少的加工工程区域;工程扰动最大的区域、当地工业区及交通枢纽集中地带是建设区环境最脆弱的区域,工程建设、工业及交通是建设区的主要扰动因素     

电动车火灾事故原因及预防措施分析

为研究电动车火灾事故原因并提出相应的预防措施,本文选取近年来发生的50起电动车火灾事故作为案例,运用5Why分析法分析电动车火灾发生原因和造成人员伤亡的原因,并针对性提出居民预防事故的对策措施。结果表明:导致电动车火灾事故发生的原因主要有电动车电池发生短路、电动车线路短路、其他外因火灾和电动车本身具有可燃性,而人员伤亡的原因有人员逃生困难和灭火困难,并针对事故原因提出规范日常使用、排查火灾隐患等改进建议。通过上述研究结论,对电动车火灾原因分析和措施研究具有理论意义,对规范居民日常电动车使用和培养安全意识具有实践意义。     

我国注册安全工程师注册现状分析

根据注册安全工程师初始注册申请表以及注册安全工程师注册信息管理数据库、国家安全生产监督管理总局和人事部人事考试中心提供的数据,对目前已注册的17441名注册安全工程师的年龄结构、学历结构、安全生产相关工作年限和受聘单位性质进行了统计分析。结果表明,我国现有注册安全工程师年龄、学历结构合理,但数量上仍不能满足需要。笔者提出应通过制订考试标准等方式加快注册安全工程师专业技术人才队伍建设的建议。     

Modeling study on the roles of the deposition and transport of PM2.5 in air quality changes over central-eastern China

The role of PM_2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 µm) deposition in air quality changes over China remains unclear. By using the three-year (2013, 2015, and 2017) simulation results of the WRF/CUACE v1.0 model from a previous work (Zhang et al., 2021), a non-linear relationship between the deposition of PM_2.5 and anthropogenic emissions over central-eastern China in cold seasons as well as in different life stages of haze events was unraveled. PM_2.5 deposition is spatially distributed differently from PM_2.5 concentrations and anthropogenic emissions over China. The North China Plain (NCP) is typically characterized by higher anthropogenic emissions compared to southern China, such as the middle-low reaches of Yangtze River (MLYR), which includes parts of the Yangtze River Delta and the Midwest. However, PM_2.5 deposition in the NCP is significantly lower than that in the MLYR region, suggesting that in addition to meteorology and emissions, lower deposition is another important factor in the increase in haze levels. Regional transport of pollution in central-eastern China acts as a moderator of pollution levels in different regions, for example by bringing pollution from the NCP to the MLYR region in cold seasons. It was found that in typical haze events the deposition flux of PM_2.5 during the removal stages is substantially higher than that in accumulation stages, with most of the PM_2.5 being transported southward and deposited to the MLYR and Sichuan Basin region, corresponding to a latitude range of about 24°N-31°N.     

管流式冲刷腐蚀实验装置的设计及性能试验

研究腐蚀因素对管道内壁腐蚀机理与腐蚀行为的影响,为加速管道内壁腐蚀,自主设计一种管流式冲刷腐蚀实验装置。该装置属于机电一体化产品,包括总体结构设计、控制系统硬件设计和软件设计,其中控制系统PLC为中央处理器,触摸屏为人机控制界面,并对腐蚀因素温度和流速进行调控。另外,对装置进行性能试验。结果显示,温度的控制精度可达到-0.5～+0.8℃,流速的控制精度可达到±0.01 m/s。该装置运行可靠,测试范围较广,装置性能较好,为管道冲刷腐蚀研究奠定实验基础。     

Real-world gaseous emission characteristics of natural gas heavy-duty sanitation trucks

As compared to conventional diesel heavy-duty vehicles, natural gas vehicles have been proved to be more eco-friendly due to their lower production of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions, which are causing enormous adverse effects on global warming and air pollution. However, natural gas vehicles were rarely studied before, especially through on-road measurements. In this study, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was employed to investigate the real-world emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) (nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)), total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) from two liquified natural gas (LNG) China V heavy-duty cleaning sanitation trucks with different weight. Associated with the more aggressive driving behaviors, the vehicle with lower weight exhibited higher CO₂ (3%) but lower NOx (48.3%) (NO₂ (78.2%) and NO (29.4%)), CO (44.8%), and THC (3.7%) emission factors. Aggressive driving behaviors were also favorable to the production of THC, especially those in the medium-speed range but significantly negative to the production of CO and NO₂, especially those in the low-speed range with high engine load. In particular, the emission rate ratio of NO₂/NO decreased with the increase of speed/scaled tractive power in different speed ranges.     

The impact of the establishment of carbon emission trade exchange on carbon emission efficiency

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The China government focuses on changes in carbon emission efficiency with establishing carbon emission trade exchange (CETE). It is meaningful to...     

Development of a green and efficient methodology for the heterocyclic aromatic amine determination in biomass samples generated from cigarette combustion and tobacco

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A green methodology was developed for the analysis of ten heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in biomass samples from cigarette combustion such as...