Exchange pattern of gaseous elemental mercury in an active urban landfill facility

The environmental behavior of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg) in the ambient air was investigated from the center of a municipal landfill site (area approximately 0.6km(2)) located in Dae Gu, Korea in the winter of 2004. In order to provide insight on the Hg exchange processes in strong source areas, we continuously analyzed Hg concentration gradients developed across two heights between 1m and 5m over soil surfaces at hourly intervals. The results displayed Hg concentrations in the lower and upper levels in the range of 1.46-13.1ngm(-3) (3.33+/-1.29ngm(-3): N=139) and 1.20-13.7ngm(-3) (3.27+/-1.23ngm(-3): N=139), respectively. The results of our analysis, when divided separately into emission and dry deposition, showed that emission of Hg was fairly dominant in frequency (up to 58%) over dry deposition. By multiplying our Hg gradient data with the K-values predicted indirectly from the results of previous studies, the emission and deposition fluxes of Hg were estimated as 39.0+/-43.3ngm(-2)h(-1) (N=80) and -60.0+/-80.2ngm(-2)h(-1) (N=59), respectively. Although the magnitudes of exchange were moderately lower than previously investigated anthropogenic sources, the overall results of this study suggest that an active landfill site can act as an important source of Hg in an urban environment along with other man-made activities.     

Bioaccessibility of polychlorinated biphenyls in different foods using an in vitro digestion method

Bioaccessibility of organic pollutants in food is important for exposure estimation and risk assessment. An in vitro enzyme digestion experiment was carried out to analyze the bioaccessibility of PCBs in different foods including freshwater fish (bighead carp and oriental weather fish) and vegetables (spinach and cabbage). The results indicated that the bioaccessibility of PCBs in freshwater fish (3%) was much lower than that in leafy vegetables (25%). Based on field survey, the daily exposure TEQ value from these two types of food was 17.9 pg/kg bw/day. However, when bioaccessibility was taken into consideration, the value decreased to 0.61 pg/kg bw/day. Therefore, the forms of PCBs existing in food strongly influenced the bioavailability for humans, which may have important implications on dietary exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to illustrate the bioaccessibility of PCBs in different foods using an in vitro digestion method.     

Alternative immunofluorescent labeling of Cryptosporidium parvum in water samples using semiconductor quantum dots

The application of immunofluorescent labeling using quantum dots for detection of inactivated Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in spiked water samples (reservoir water, treated wastewater effluent, permeate of a membrane bioreactor, and tap water) provided more consistent results compared with the organic fluorophores label. The varying degree of particles present in the different water samples (with turbidity ranging from 0.2 to 6.1 NTU) in nonconcentrated water samples had insignificant interference on the labeled counts (2-sample t-tests, p > 0.236) using the quantum dot label, while the quantum dot label provided an advantage of approximately 50% lower interference in concentrated water samples compared with the organic fluorophores label.     

电磁辐射防护的基本技术和进展

电磁辐射污染问题经过几十年的争论,虽然在非致热效应的影响问题上尚未达到统一的认识,但人们对电磁辐射污染的存在和其严重性已清楚认识和日益重视。目前,对于电磁辐射污染危害的报道已屡见不鲜,而对其防护的基本技术和进展的报道却不多见,我们拟对此作一报道,以飨读者。王广播、电视发射台的电磁辐射防护广播、电视发射台的电磁辐射防护首先应该在项目建设前,以《电磁辐射防护规定》（GB8702－88）为标准,进行电磁辐射环境影响评价,实行预防性卫生监督,提出预防性防护措施,包括防护带要求。如果业已建成的发射台对周围区域造…     

关键生育期施加外源锌灌溉水对水稻镉吸收转运的影响

选取湖南省浏阳市某镉（Cd）污染稻田进行田间试验,研究水稻关键生育期（孕穗期和灌浆期）施加外源锌（Zn）灌溉水对土壤交换态Cd含量、孔隙水Cd浓度以及水稻各部位Cd吸收转运的影响.研究结果表明：①关键生育期施加外源Zn灌溉水可抑制土壤中交换态Cd向孔隙水的释放过程,土壤中交换态Cd含量与对照相比无显著差异,但成熟期土壤孔隙水Cd浓度显著降低16.7%~57.6%.②关键生育期施加外源Zn灌溉水可有效降低水稻各部位Cd含量;其中在孕穗期前和灌浆期前均施加含Zn 20 mg·L^-1的灌溉水处理下（BF1）,水稻根、茎和糙米Cd含量分别显著降低56.0%、83.8%和85.2%.③相较于施加含Zn 100 mg·L^-1的灌溉水,施加含Zn 20 mg·L^-1的灌溉水各处理显著降低水稻对Cd的吸收与转运,水稻根-茎之间的Cd转运系数（TF）降幅为12.5%~56.3%,其中B1和BF1处理下达到显著水平.上述研究表明,施加外源Zn灌溉水显著降低水稻对Cd的吸收积累,在孕穗期前和灌浆期前均施加含Zn 20 mg·L^-1的灌溉水可有效实现Cd污染稻田安全生产.     

利用Matlab模拟多烟团模式计算危险液体泄漏的研究

关于危险性液体泄漏扩散模型有许多,但是目前常用的主要是比较成熟的高斯模型.在<环境风险评价技术导则>推荐采用的多烟团模式基础上,利用Matlab的可视化界面对变天情况下的多烟团模式模拟某乙醇厂乙醇泄漏,其结果与高斯烟团理论一致.利用该软件,连续输入实际天气情况值,可实时追踪危险性液体在时空中的变化,为环境风险评价管理、风险工程设计、风险责任保险等领域及应急计划制定、事故抢险工作实施提供有效的工具.     

我国3条高速公路隧道污染状况调查

为了控制高速公路隧道的空气和噪声污染,对中梁山,梧桐山和七道梁隧道进行了现场调查,结果表明,机械通风可以有效地控制隧道内的空气污染,隧道内的主要噪声声源是交通流,其所产生的噪声远超过规范值,因此,应积极开展隧道减噪技术研究。     

影响强化生物除磷的关键因素研究进展

磷已经成为引起水体富营养化的关键控制因子之一。本文对影响生物除磷效果的关键因素的研究进展进行了分析,并对在生物除磷研究过程中出现的问题作了说明。     

污泥处理处置的认识误区与控制对策

阐述了污泥处理处置存在的普遍性误区以及对技术路线的错误认识等，建议制定有关技术政策，促进污水处理行业的健康发展。     

Acidification of lead/zinc mine tailings and its effect on heavy metal mobility

The acid-forming potential of lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailings at Lechang City of Guangdong Province was studied using both net acid generation (NAG) and acid-base accounting (ABA) methods. The pyritic and total sulfur contents of the tailings were 12.6% and 18.7%, respectively. The mean acid neutralization capacity (ANC) was 63.5 kg H2SO4/t while three oxidized tailings samples had an ANC less than zero. The NAG and net acid production potential (NAPP) values were 220 and 326 kg H2SO4/t, and both the NAG and NAPP results indicated that the tailings had a high acid-forming potential. NAG was more accurate than NAPP in predicting acid-forming potential of the tailings due to uncompleted oxidization of pyritic sulfur. Analysis of samples from two profile tests indicated that acidification mainly occurred at the surface (0-20 cm) and had little effects at deep layer of the tailings. Total concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd were increased greatly with depth at the acidified tailings profile, while heavy metal concentrations at different depths of nonacidified tailings profile were similar. The results indicated that depletion of heavy metals at the acidified surface was due to acidification. The diethylenetetramine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd concentrations of acidified tailings surface (0-20 cm) were significantly higher than those of nonacidified tailings, which further revealed that acidification enhanced the mobility of heavy metals in the tailings.