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101.
Mimi H. Hassim Markku Hurme Paul R. Amyotte Faisal I. Khan 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(5):820-829
Fugitive emissions are among the major concerns of industrial process releases. The emissions cause problem to various aspects including the environment, health, and economic. Early evaluation of process hazards is beneficial because process can be made inherently benign at lower cost. This paper discusses two important aspects of fugitive emissions assessment during process design – the quantification and the prevention strategies.For the quantification part, three methods are presented for fugitive emissions estimation during the process design. They are tailored to data available in simple process flow diagram (PFD), detailed PFD, and piping & instrumentation diagram (PID). Such methods are needed as early emissions estimation allows production routes and process designs with lower emissions to be selected. The fugitive emissions estimation and methods to abatement are demonstrated on a benzene process case study. Valves are found to be the major emission source with 50% of fugitive emissions of process area in a base case of petrochemical process, in which no fugitive emission reductions are yet made. Pumps without mechanical seals come second with 30% and flanges with 8% of emissions. Inherently safer design keywords can be applied to prevent fugitive emissions in the process plants. Substitution is the most applicable keyword in fugitive emission reduction of existing plants.The emission rate calculations together with estimation of health risk give a sound background for the decision making on elimination of emissions at source through equipment and piping changes. The case study presented reveals that by substituting emission prone components by inherently low-leaking ones, the plant emissions can be reduced over 90% in practice. This is created mainly by replacing rising stem valves with ball valves, installing double mechanical pump seals or hermetic pumps and making changes in sampling and relief systems. Ideally by also changing flanges to welded connections, which is not viable for various reasons, the emissions could be reduced nearly to zero. 相似文献
102.
Shakoor Adeel Khan Asim Laeeq Akhter Parveen Aslam Muhammad Bilad Muhammad Roil Maafa Ibrahim M. Moustakas Konstantinos Nizami Abdul-Sattar Hussain Murid 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):12397-12405
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were fabricated by the hydrothermal synthesis of ordered mesoporous KIT-6 type silica and incorporating in polyimide... 相似文献
103.
Farooq Muhammad Asim Aquib Md Khan Daulat Haleem Ghayas Sana Ahsan Anam Ijaz Muhammad Banerjee Parikshit Khan Maqsood Ahmed Ahmad Muhammad Masood Wang Bo 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(4):1565-1583
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Research has recently focused on combinational therapy using nanocarriers to overcome the obstacles associated with conventional therapy of lung cancer. The... 相似文献
104.
Khan Irfan Saito Hiroshi Ali Ahmad Salah Zhang Bofan Kubuki Shiro 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(6):2266-2277
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The relationship between local structure and visible-light-activated photocatalytic ability of glass–ceramics prepared from Municipal Solid... 相似文献
105.
Mohit H. Srisuk Rapeeporn Sanjay M. R. Siengchin Suchart Khan Anish Marwani Hadi M. Dzudzevic-Cancar Hurija Asiri Abdullah M. 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(11):3561-3573
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In the present investigation, the influence of coir micro-particles and titanium carbide (TiC) nanofillers on mechanical characteristics and thermal... 相似文献
106.
Is helping a beneficial learning experience for red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) helpers?
Several hypotheses have been suggested to explain the evolution and maintenance of helping behavior in cooperatively breeding
birds, one of which we investigated in the red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis). Helping may provide a learning experience that improves reproductive success once the helper becomes a breeder. We used
data collected from a population of red-cockaded woodpeckers in the Sandhills of North Carolina to compare the reproductive
success of 2-year-old breeders that were helpers at age 1 (helping experience) to those that were floaters or solitary males
at age 1 (no helping experience). Reproductive success of the two groups was similar, indicating that helping provides no
experience useful in reproduction. We reject the learning experience hypothesis as an explanation for the maintenance of helping
behavior in red-cockaded woodpeckers.
Received: 29 July 1996 / Accepted after revision: 27 April 1997 相似文献
107.
Role of probiotics on the environment of shrimp pond 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sambasivam S Chandran R Khan SA 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2003,24(1):103-106
Recent disease outbreak in shrimp farming caused mainly by bacteria, virus, fungi or a combination of these etiologic agents is attributed to disturbance in the environment of pond. To combat this, different antibiotics and chemicals are being used which are reported to be not environment friendly. Of late, a new and unique biotechnological product called "Probiotics " is being used widely by all the shrimp farmers worldwide, which is found to be more effective and environmentally safe also. In the present study 2 probiotics were used in a small 0.7 ha shrimp farm near Pattukottai in Tamil Nadu State for one culture period for the management of pond environment and also the gut ecology of Penaeus monodon. The environmental parameters analysed were within the acceptable limits. It was evident from the results that the production was better in the experimental pond where the probiotics were used. The biological parameters such as the average body weight, FCR and total harvest achieved were better in the experimental pond than the control pond, all due to congenial environment, which obtained in the former mainly due to the use of probiotics. 相似文献
108.
The root growth response to air pollution in populations of Anagallis arvensis growing about 0.5, 2, 6, 12 and 20 km leeward from a power plant complex varied with the level of pollution, age of the stand and meteorological conditions. The roots were more affected by the pollutants at a young stage and the loss in net primary productivity was proportional to the pollution level. The populations up to 2 km from the source of pollution completed their life cycle quickly. The coal consumption rate at the power plant, relative humidity, wind direction and other environmental factors were found to influence the degree of growth response to air pollution. 相似文献
109.
The use of two natural sorbents, kapok and cattail fibers, were investigated for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal from water. Naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene were the PAHs studied. For comparative purposes, a commercial polyester fiber sorbent was included in the investigation. The PAH sorption and retention capabilities of the three fibers were determined through batch and continuous-flow experiments under non-competitive and competitive conditions. In the batch experiments, cattail fiber was the most effective sorbent. Kapok fiber provided the lowest PAH retention, while cattail fiber had slightly less PAH retention than polyester fiber. When two PAHs were present in the same system, a competitive effect on the much less hydrophobic PAH was observed. Similar results were obtained in the column experiments, except that polyester fiber performed much poorer on naphthalene. Cattail fiber is a promising sorbent for treating PAH-contaminated water, such as urban runoff. 相似文献
110.
Interacting effects of ozone at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ppm and powdery mildew infection were studied with respect to the growth, flowering and fruit-setting of bottle gourd, and ozone injury, fungal colonization, conidia size and germination. Intermittent exposure in closed-top chambers to ozone at 0.1 or 0.2 ppm, and infection by Sphaerotheca fulginea, each caused significant suppressions of plant growth, flowering and fruit-setting. Fungal colonization was increased by exposures to 0.05 ppm ozone, but decreased by 0.2 ppm ozone. Less browning and necrosis (symptoms of ozone phytotoxicity) appeared on the leaves of mildew-inoculated plants exposed to ozone at 0.1 and 0.2 ppm. Conidia collected from plants exposed to 0.1 and 0.2 ppm were smaller, contained fewer fibrosin bodies and showed poor germination in-vitro. Fumigations with ozone at 0.05 ppm increased the germination of conidia collected from the exposed plants or of the conidia directly exposed to ozone on glass slides in microgas exposure cabinets. Distortion and wall rupturing of the conidia were induced by exposure to ozone at 0.2 ppm for 12 h. Ozone at 0.05 ppm and S. fuliginea jointly suppressed the root and shoot growth of bottle gourd significantly more than the sum of individual effects (synergistic interaction). The fungus infection partially protected the plants from injury by ozone at 0.2 ppm, and exposure to ozone at 0.2 ppm inhibited fungal development. Antagonistic reductions of damage to bottle gourd growth by simultaneous mildew infection and ozone at 0.2 ppm were observed. The study revealed that powdery mildew infection may become severe on bottle gourd grown in areas polluted with mild level of ozone (0.05 ppm) whereas, at 0.1 ppm O3 or more, the disease will be suppressed. 相似文献