Amino acid uptake by the comatulid crinoid Cenometra bella (Echinodermata) following evisceration

Changes in the rates of utilization of dissolved compounds during the period of visceral mass regeneration were examined in the crinoid Cenometra bella (Hartlaub). Rates of respiraton and incorporation of labelled amino acids increase, reaching a maximum 2 d after evisceration and returning to normal after 14 d. Rates of incorporation of radioisotope into the organic components of the arms and cirri decrease, while incorporation rate into the visceral mass increases. Incorporation rates of amino acid-derived radioactivity into skeletal carbonate and the ash-free dry weight:protein ratio of arms, cirri and oral disc decrease, reaching a minimum 2 d following evisceration.     

Adaptation to climate change in the transport sector: a review of actions and actors

This paper identifies the literature that deals with adaptation to climate change in the transport sector. It presents a systematic review of the adaptations suggested in the literature. Although it is frequently claimed that this socially and economically important sector is particularly vulnerable to climate change, there is comparatively little research into its adaptation. The 63 sources we found are analysed following an action framework of adaptation. This distinguishes different adaptational functions and means of adaptation. By an open coding procedure, a total of 245 adaptations are found and classified. The paper shows a broad diversity of interdependent actors to be relevant—ranging from transportation providers to public and private actors and households. Crucial actors are hybrid in terms of being public or private. A substantial share of the identified adaptations follows a top-down adaptation policy pattern where a public or hybrid operator initiates action that affects private actors. Most of the exceptions from this pattern are technical or engineering measures. Identified adaptations mostly require institutional means, followed by technical means, and knowledge. Generally, knowledge on adapting transport to climate change is still in a stage of infancy. The existing literature either focuses on overly general adaptations, or on detailed technical measures. Further research is needed on the actual implementation of adaptation, and on more precise institutional instruments that fill the gap between too vague and too site-specific adaptations.     

Comparison of Extraction Methods for the Detection of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus RNA in Goat Raw Milk and Cream Cheese

Food and Environmental Virology - Infection with the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) can cause meningitis, meningoencephalitis and myelitis in humans. TBEV is an enveloped RNA virus of the...