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911.
Peter Roessingh Katja H. Hora S. Ying Fung Anja Peltenburg Steph B. J. Menken 《Chemoecology》2000,10(1):41-47
Summary. The sugar alcohol dulcitol is a strong feeding stimulant for larvae of the small ermine moth Yponomeuta cagnagellus. In this paper we tested the hypothesis that dulcitol also acts as an oviposition stimulant for this species. We found that
the sugar-alcohol dulcitol was present on the surface of the host Euonymus europaeus. We also showed that (as yet unidentified compounds) can be systemically transferred (i.e. by uptake and transport via the
vascular system) from E. europaeus, to the non-host Crataegus monogyna and stimulate oviposition. However, no evidence was found that this stimulatory activity was due to dulcitol. Systemic enrichment
of C. monogyna with dulcitol did not induce oviposition on this plant. Neither was the application of pure dulcitol on artificial twigs
effective. In addition it was shown that when dulcitol was removed from host plant extracts, oviposition stimulatory activity
was retained in the fraction without dulcitol. Synergism between dulcitol and other stimulants could not be demonstrated,
however, high concentrations of dulcitol in combination with the main stimulant(s) showed a trend towards enhanced oviposition.
It is concluded that the sugar alcohol dulcitol can only play a limited role in adult host acceptance behaviour. The hypothesis
that a host shift in the genus Yponomeuta from Celastraceae to Rosaceae might have been facilitated by the presence of small amounts of dulcitol in Rosaceae therefore
needs to be restricted to larval feeding behaviour.
Received 20 August 1999; accepted 6 December 1999 相似文献
912.
Peter A. Strachan Ivor McKay Sinclair David Lal 《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2003,10(1):50-63
The activities and operations of the oil and gas industry have a significant propensity to affect the natural environment. The UK oil and gas industry, like the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, is a highly regulated industry and attracts a high level of public interest, so much so that the UK Government is keen to encourage the adoption of voluntary environmental management initiatives such as ISO 14001. In responding to the UK Government's agenda, some oil and gas enterprises have now implemented this environmental management system. This article examines the implementation of ISO 14001 in the first batch of oil and gas enterprises to have done so. Through undertaking structured face‐to‐face interviews with senior corporate staff in eight firms this article examines the drivers, implementation barriers and the benefits accrued from their participation in this management system. In contrast with some other industries, information on the oil and gas industry's experience with, and perception of, ISO 14001 is somewhat limited. Against this backdrop, the paper attempts to address these weaknesses and provide a starting point for future research in the area of corporate social responsibility and environmental management systems. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations as to how to promote the adoption of environmental management systems more widely in the oil and gas industry. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment. 相似文献
913.
Environmental scepticism, or the effort to ‘debunk’ environmental claims, is gaining visibility in world affairs. This complicates the position of corporations that are genuine in their efforts for conscientious productive work. This article explains some of the primary movements found in scepticism and argues that the truth of the sceptical claims is sufficiently contested that corporations should err on the side of caution and treat environmental scepticism as a political movement with a narrow support base, not as a scientific basis for policy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献
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Jo Crotty Peter Rodgers 《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2012,19(3):178-190
The extant literature states that firms ‘go green’ in response to one or a combination of three factors: regulation, stakeholder pressure or ‘because it pays’, with each being tempered by managerial attitudes and perceptions. In this paper, we test the relevance of these factors in the empirical setting of Russia. Data collected from firms in three industrialised regions indicates that Russia's ‘coercive’ approach to regulatory enforcement has resulted in firms seeking to limit their environmental punishment, rather than improve their environmental management. Similarly, weak civil society in Russia has meant that stakeholders such as environmental non‐governmental organisations fail to influence greening activity. We find that only ‘because it pays’ motives were persuasive. The paper concludes that, in settings such as the Russian Federation, market mechanisms are the only method by which to facilitate corporate greening and that steps should be taken to strengthen instruments like ISO 14001 to facilitate greening of this type. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献
916.
Two key components of people's quality of life are the quality of the environment in which they live and the quality of the environment in which they work. Without intervention by policymakers, the market economy will fail to provide an adequate level of health and safety and environmental quality. However, policy with regard to each area tends to be made independently of the other. This paper examines the linkages between environmental and health and safety policy. The available instruments to enhance both the environmental and health and safety performance of firms is explored using a Focus Group of representatives from Irish and German firms. In particular, the potential conflicts and complementarities between initiatives and policies in both areas are examined. The primary objective of the paper is to examine the scope for a more integrated and balanced approach to environmental and health and safety policy in Europe. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment 相似文献
917.
Pontus Cerin Peter Dobers 《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2001,8(3):123-133
The Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index (DJSGI) is really a family of indexes used to identify and track the performance of sustainably run companies. When the DJSGI was introduced in September 1999, it was claimed to outperform the more generalized Dow Jones Global Index (DJGI) with respect to market capitalization growth. Corporations, NGOs and governmental agencies often refer to the DJSGI for illustrating that integrating economic, environmental and social factors into the operations and management of a company increases shareholder value and business activity transparency. The DJSGI is also used by global corporations to legitimize the efforts they put into sustainability. However, there have been no studies carried out to date that illuminate the business activity transparency of the DJSGI. This study investigates the structure and transparency of the DJSGI compared with the DJGI. The results of this study show that the DJSGI focuses more on the technology sector than the general DJGI does. The average market capitalization value of companies listed in the DJSGI was found to be two‐and‐a‐half times the corresponding average for those listed in the DJGI. This raises some legitimate questions. Does the superior performance of the DJSGI reflect the greater efforts DJSGI companies put into sustainability, or a dependence on asymmetric distributions in company sectors, world regions or market capitalization? This paper therefore endeavours to illustrate the transparency of the DJSGI. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment 相似文献
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