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41.
DRAGANA MUTAVDŽIĆ IVAN BRNARDIĆ MARIJA KAŠTELAN-MACAN 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):1085-1101
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of humic acids (HA) and Ca-montmorillonite (CaM) on the solid-phase extraction (SPE) efficiency of atrazine, alachlor and α-cypermethrin from water samples at various pH-values. The nature and intensity of binding of the studied pesticides to CaM were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and termogravimetric analysis (TGA) test. The studied pesticides eluted from discs were analysed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The effects of CaM and humic acid were generally pH-dependent and acted independently in extraction efficiency influence. Lower recovery of pesticides was observed at higher pH values when CaM was ≥0.1 g and was attributed to greater dispersion of clay, increased surface area and subsequent adsorption. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in humic acid had less effect on the extraction efficiency when water was at pH 8 compared to water at pH 2, which was probably due to greater nonpolar interactions of the pesticides to the charge-neutralized humic acid molecule. 相似文献
42.
Jiří Kopáček Jan Turek Josef Hejzlar Hana Šantrůčková 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(34):5443-5453
Precipitation and throughfall fluxes of major ions, nutrients (C, N, P), and metals (Al, Fe, Mn), and the chemical composition of litter fall and living plant tissue in Norway spruce stands (the Bohemian Forest; Czech Republic), were used to evaluate how microbial processes and decay of plant tissue in canopies influence canopy leaching (CL) of elements. Proton exchange for Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ in decaying biomass and co-transport of Ca2+ and K+ out of plant cells with organic acid anions were the most likely processes contributing to CL of base cations. The CL of total P and N (and also NO3?) was minor. Important proportions of the N and P mineral forms were transformed to organic forms by microbial processes (primary and bacterial production), with the respective CL of ?13.9 and 16.4 mmol m?2 yr?1 for NH4+ and organic N, and ?0.33 and 0.22 mmol m?2 yr?1 for dissolved reactive P (DRP) and organic P. Most of particulate P and N in throughfall (~90%) originated from microbial DRP and NH4+ transformations, but particulate C mostly came from the fragmentation of plant tissue (58%). Among metals, CL was not observed for Al, was small for Fe (0.3 mmol m?2 yr?1), and greatest for Mn (0.9 mmol m?2 yr?1) due to leaching from decaying tissue by acidic precipitation. 相似文献
43.
Hana Patzenhauerová Josef Bryja Radim Šumbera 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(5):757-767
The African mole-rats (Bathyergidae, Rodentia) are subterranean rodents that have evolved a wide range of social organisations
varying from solitary to eusocial. Due to some unusual features of their breeding and social systems, much attention has been
focused on social species, with solitary species being virtually ignored. Here, we present the first genetic study on the
mating system of any solitary mole-rats, the silvery mole-rat (Heliophobius argenteocinereus) - a species which is assumed to be monogamous. Microsatellite markers were used to analyse the mating system and the kinship
structure in populations in southern Malawi. Isolation by distance between individuals was apparent in two studied populations,
but not in the third, probably, as a result of barriers limiting dispersal in the latter population. Polygyny was found to
be a mating system in this population, where a strongly female-biased adult sex ratio was present. In this case, large distances
between the burrow systems of mating partners exclude the possibility of belowground searching for mates, suggesting that
the males might seek females aboveground. Interestingly, among analysed litters from various localities, one multiple-sired
litter was found. Therefore, the results suggest that the mating system in potentially monogamous solitary subterranean rodents
may be much more variable than expected and can differ among populations. 相似文献
44.
Matys Grygar Tomáš Faměra Martin Hošek Michal Elznicová Jitka Rohovec Jan Matoušková Šárka Navrátil Tomáš 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(37):51183-51198
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Willows, woody plants of genus Salix common in floodplains of temperate regions, act as plant pumps and translocate the Cd and Zn in the soil profiles... 相似文献
45.
Lucie Faldynová Sylwia Walczysková Dita Černá Monika Kudrejová Šárka Hilscherová Romana Kaniová Simona Širůčková 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(10):1320-1332
Objective
Recent studies have integrated copy number variant (CNV) and gene analysis using target enrichment. Here, we transferred this concept to our routine genetics laboratory, which is not linked to centralized non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) facilities.Method
From a cohort of 100 pregnant women, 22 were selected for the analysis of maternal genomic DNA (gDNA) along with fetal cell-free DNA. Using targeted enrichment, 135 genes were analyzed, combined with aberrations of chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X, and Y. The data were subjected to specificity and sensitivity analyses, and correlated with the results from invasive testing methods.Results
The sensitivity/specificity was determined for the CNV analysis of chromosomes: 21 (80%/75%), 18 (-/82%), 13 (100%/67%), and Y (100%/100%). The gene detection was valid for maternal gDNA. However, for cell-free fetal DNA, it was not possible to determine the boundary between an artifact and a real sequence variant.Conclusion
The target enrichment method combining CNV and gene detection seems feasible in a regular laboratory. However, this method can only be responsibly optimized with a sufficient number of controls and further validation on a strong bioinformatic background. The present results showed that NIPT should be performed in specialized centers, and that its introduction to isolated laboratories may not provide valid data. 相似文献46.
Martin Novák Robert L. Michel Eva Přechová Markéta Štěpánová 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(2-3):517-529
A combination of cosmogenic and artificial 35S was used to assess the movement of sulfur in a steep Central European catchment affected by spruce die-back. The Jeze?í catchment, Kru?né Hory Mts. (Czech Republic) is characterized by a large disproportion between atmospheric S input and S output via stream discharge, with S output currently exceeding S input three times. A relatively high natural concentration of cosmogenic 35S (42 mBq L-1) was found in atmospheric deposition into the catchment in winter and spring of 2000. In contrast, stream discharge contained only 2 mBq L-1. Consequently, more than 95% of the deposited S is cycled or retained within the catchment for more than several months, while older S is exported via surface water. In spring, when the soil temperature is above 0 °C, practically no S from instantaneous rainfall is exported, despite the steepness of the slopes and the relatively short mean residence time of water in the catchment (6.5 months). Sulfur cycling in the soil includes not just adsorption of inorganic sulfate and biological uptake, but also volatilization of S compounds back into the atmosphere. Laboratory incubations of an Orthic Podzol from Jeze?í spiked with 720 kBq of artificial 35S showed a 20% loss of the spike within 18 weeks under summer conditions. Under winter conditions, the 35S loss was insignificant (<5%). This missing S flux was interpreted as volatilized hydrogen sulfide resulting from intermittent dissimilatory bacterial sulfate reduction. The missing S flux is comparable to the estimated uncertainty in many catchment S mass balances (±10%), or even larger, and should be considered in constructing these mass balances. In severely polluted forest catchments, such as Jeze?í, sulfur loss to volatilization may exceed 13 kg ha-1 a-1, which is more than the current total atmospheric S input in large parts of North America and Europe. 相似文献
47.
Nives Štambuk-Giljanović 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,71(3):279-296
The article presents the results of chemical andmicrobiological measurements of the water quality in theBuko Blato reservoir, the largest in Europe, in the period 1989 to 1998.The aim was to observe possiblechanges in water quality during the past decade and itsinfluence on the downstream section of the Cetina River andits numerous tributaries and reservoirs, where there are twolarge regional water supply systems. This reservoir wasbuilt in order to exploit the high hydro-electric potentialof small streamflows in the karst fields of south-westernBosnia. It has strongly influenced the hydrologicconditions of the downstream section of the Cetina River.Buko Blato is a relatively shallow reservoir with the meandepth of 5 m. It covers an area of 57 km2. The waterexchange in the reservoir is slow, occurring from one toseveral years. When the water inflow exceeds the hydroelectric plant demands the excess water is delivered by a reversible channel and pre-pumped into the Buko Blato reservoir. The total and carbonate water hardness in thereservoir is lower than in the Cetina River and in typicalkarst streamflows, since the water in this reservoir comesmainly from surface sources including numerous springs withhigh capacity oscillations, torrents and rainfall.Measurements, carried out during the past years, showed asignificant increase in nitrate content as well as in thecoli bacteria and a less significant increase in totalphosphorus content. The water quality was evaluated asmezotrophic according to the total phosphorus content basedon the Carlson index of trophic level, a lower quality thanin the Perua reservoir, upstream on the Cetina River. Thelatter contains a smaller phosphorus content and wasclassed between oligotrophic and mezotrophic. According tothese data, employing the Vollenweider equation, the totalphosphorus content in this water should not exceed the meanof 20 mg m-3 P. The results indicate that the water inthe Buko Blato reservoir did not deteriorate the waterquality on the downstream section of the Cetina River. 相似文献
48.
Ludmila Wilhelmová Milan Tomášek Karel Štukheil 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1995,34(2):145-149
The results of measurements of Krypton-85 (85Kr) concentrations in the ground-level air of Prague between 1983 and 1992 are presented and time-related changes analysed. The long-term trend in activity level of 85Kr has been steadily increasing with a growth rate of 0.04 Bq.m–3 (STP) per year. Some peaks of 85Kr activity were observed due to the influence of undispersed radioactive plumes coming from distant sources. Short-term variations within a typical range of concentrations from 0.61 to 1.25 Bq.m–3 (STP) were found to be seasonally dependent, with the maximum occurring in spring. 相似文献
49.
Marija Sarić-Krsmanović Jelena Gajić Umiljendić Ljiljana Radivojević Ljiljana Šantrić Ivana Potočnik Rada Đurović-Pejčev 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(4):247-251
The evaluation of the inhibition effect exerted by the essential oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum), sage (Salvia officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) on seeds germination and early seedling growth of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) weed was examined in a laboratory bioassay. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized chemically by gas chromatography coupled with both mass spectrometry and flame ionization detector. The working solutions of essential oil emulsified with Tween 20 and dissolved in distilled water were prepared at three concentration levels (0.01%, 0.1% and 1%, vol/vol). The results obtained showed that increase of essential oil concentration leads to decrease of seed germination, shoot and radical length of velvetleaf. The obtained data revealed a highly significant effect (P?<?0.05) between control and 1% and 0.1% oil concentrations in all treatments. The essential oils of basil, thyme and lemon balm exhibited more powerful bio-herbicidal effect compared to sage and goldenrod essential oils on the germination and early seedling growth of velvetleaf weed. 相似文献
50.
Biljana Škrbić Katarzyna Szyrwińska Nataša Đurišić-Mladenović Piotr Nowicki Janina Lulek 《Environment international》2010,36(8):862-872
Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to a data set containing the levels of indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human milk of mothers living in the Wielkopolska region, Poland, in order to investigate the information captured in the PCB patterns and to elucidate the relationship between PCB concentrations in milk and donor characteristics. According to the obtained PCA results milk fat content was the most influential factor affecting the PCB levels in milk of the Wielkopolska cohort. The lifestyle data collected from the questionnaire completed by the donors appeared to have no influence on PCB concentrations in breast milk. The score plots revealed the PCB contents of milk were quite low and uniform with a few outliers, without discrimination observed either between the primipareous and secundipareous females or between donors from the urban and rural areas. Comparison of the PCB levels and profiles of human milk from the Wielkopolska region and from various European and Asian locations made by PCA reflected a generally low background exposure and indicated the possible reasons for the outlying of some samples. In order to enhance the chances of observing the relationship between donor habits and PCB levels in breast milk it was suggested that the questionnaire be redesigned to gather information about vegetable product consumption and indoor air exposure. 相似文献