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61.
Hirokatsu Akagi Koichi Haraguchi Yoshihide Kinjo Olaf Malm Fernando J. P. Branches Jeans R. J. Guimaraes 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2000,(Z1)
IntroductionSincetheearly 1980’s,rapidincreasesingoldminingactivitiesusingmercuryamalgamationtechniqueinmanydevelopingcountrieshasbeenoneofthemainsourcesofmercurypollution ,particularlyintheAmazonandothertropicalregions(Malm ,1990 ;Ramel,1996;Ikingura,1996;Lacerda,… 相似文献
62.
63.
Wang Lisha Hu Hongying Wang Chao Koichi Fujie 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(1):18-22
The effects of chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections on the genotoxicity of different biologically treated sewage wastewater
samples were studied by umu-test. The experiment results showed that when chlorine dioxide dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of
wastewater first decreased rapidly and then tended to be stable, while when the chlorine dosage was increased from 0 to 30
mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater changed diversely for different samples. It was then found that ammonia nitrogen did
not affect the change of genotoxicity during chlorine dioxide disinfection of wastewater, while it greatly affected the change
of genotoxicity during chlorine disinfection of wastewater. When the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was low (< 10–20 mg/L),
the genotoxicity of wastewater decreased after chlorine disinfection, and when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was high
(> 10–20 mg/L), the genotoxicity of wastewater increased after chlorine disinfection. 相似文献
64.
Ubiquity of parasporin-1 producers in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus thuringiensis</Emphasis> natural populations of Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Uemori A Maeda M Yasutake K Ohgushi A Kagoshima K Mizuki E Ohba M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(1):34-38
Parasporin, a Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal protein, is unique in having a strong cytocidal activity preferential for human cancer cells. In this study, we
characterized parasporin activities associated with three novel geographical isolates of B.
thuringiensis. Parasporal inclusion proteins of the three isolates were highly toxic to human uterus cervix cancer cells (HeLa), but not
to non-cancer uterine smooth muscle cells (UtSMC). Inclusions of the isolates lacked insect toxicity and hemolytic activity
against sheep erythrocytes. Ouchterlony immunodiffusion tests revealed that the proteins of the three isolates are immunologically
closely related to parasporin-1 (Cry31A), but dissimilar to the three other existing parasporin groups. Our results provide
evidence that the parasporin-1-producing organism is a common member in B. thuringiensis populations occurring in natural environments of Japan. 相似文献
65.
Natsuko Ito Kondo Daisei Yamanaka Yuya Kanbe Yoko Kawate Kunitake Masahiro Yoneda Koji Tsuchida Koichi Goka 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(4):467-475
The European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, is an invasive eusocial species whose distribution is expanding greatly beyond its native range because numerous colonies
are imported to or locally produced in non-native countries for pollination of agricultural crops. Closely related species
exist in Japan where the unrestricted import and use of B. terrestris has resulted in the establishment of wild colonies. Laboratory studies previously showed that B. terrestris and Japanese native species can copulate and produce fertilized eggs. Although these eggs do not hatch, the interspecific
mating can cause a serious reproductive disturbance to native bumblebees. In this study, we determined the frequencies of
interspecies mating between B. terrestris males and native bumblebee queens in the wild on the islands of Hokkaido and Honshu by analyzing the DNA sequences of spermatozoa
stored in spermathecae of native queens. We found that 20.2% of B. hypocrita hypocrita queens and 30.2% of B. hypocrita sapporoensis queens had spermatozoa of B. terrestris males in their spermathecae. Given that a Bombus queen generally mates only once in her life, such high frequencies of interspecific mating with B. terrestris pose serious threats to the populations of native bumblebees in Japan. 相似文献
66.
Hideaki Nishizawa Yuta Naito Hiroyuki Suganuma Osamu Abe Junichi Okuyama Koichi Hirate Shinichi Tanaka Emi Inoguchi Koji Narushima Kiyoshige Kobayashi Hisakazu Ishii Shigeo Tanizaki Masato Kobayashi Akira Goto Nobuaki Arai 《Marine Biology》2013,160(10):2671-2685
In order to develop effective conservation strategies for endangered migratory species, the link between feeding and breeding grounds needs to be clarified. In this study, the genetic compositions of consecutive Japanese feeding aggregations of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) along the Kuroshio Current were examined by mixed-stock analyses of mitochondrial DNA control-region sequences. The results indicated that the southern feeding aggregation around Yaeyama (24.3°N, 124.0°E) was sourced from various Pacific rookeries in the Yaeyama, Ogasawara, Western Pacific, and Indian Oceans and Southeast Asia. Among northern feeding aggregations, the Ginoza (26.5°N, 128.0°E) aggregation was also sourced from the Western Pacific Ocean, but the Nomaike (31.4°N, 130.1°E), Muroto (33.2°N, 134.2°E), and Kanto (35.6°N, 140.5°E) aggregations were contributed mostly by the closer Ogasawara rookeries. The reduced contribution from tropical Pacific rookeries to northern feeding aggregations and the significant correlation between genetic differentiation and geographical distance matrices of feeding aggregations indicated that most hatchlings from these regions transported by the Kuroshio Current settle in upstream feeding grounds along the Japanese archipelago, implying that current flow influences the composition of feeding aggregations. Differences in the composition of relatively close neritic feeding aggregations have important conservation implications, for which both regional and multinational conservation strategies are needed. 相似文献
67.
Jinsart W Kaewmanee C Inoue M Hara K Hasegawa S Karita K Tamura K Yano E 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(1):64-71
The aims of this study were to determine the particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters > or = 2.5 microm (PM2.5) and 2.5-10 microm (PM10-2.5) exposure levels of drivers and to analyze the proportion of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in PM2.5 in Bangkok, Thailand. Four bus routes were selected. Measurements were conducted over 10 days in August (rainy season) 2008 and 8 days in January (dry season) 2009. The mean PM2.5 exposure level of the Tuk-tuk drivers was 86 microg/m3 in August and 198 microg/m3 in January. The mean for the non-air-conditioned bus drivers was 63 microg/m3 in August and 125 microg/m3 in January. The PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 exposure levels of the drivers in January were approximately twice as high as those in August. The proportion of total carbon (TC) in PM2.5 to the PM2.5 level in August (0.97 +/- 0.28 microg/m3) was higher than in January (0.65 +/- 0.13 microg/m3). The proportion of OC in the TC of the PM2.5 in August (0.51 +/- 0.08 microg/m3) was similar to that in January (0.65 +/- 0.07 microg/m3). The TC exposure by PM25 in January (81 +/- 30 microg/m3) remained higher than in August (56-21 microg/m3). The mean level of OC in the PM2.5 was 29 +/- 13 microg/m3 in August and 50 +/- 24 microg/m3 in January. In conclusion, the PM exposure level in Bangkok drivers was higher than that in the general environment, which was already high, and it varied with the seasons and vehicle type. This study also demonstrated that the major component of the PM was carbon, likely derived from vehicles. 相似文献
68.
Comparative survey of levels of chlorinated cyclodiene pesticides in breast milk from some cities of China, Korea and Japan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Exposure of mothers to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was assessed by measuring the levels of 20 OCPs in 70 human breast milk samples pooled from 210 individuals from China, Korea and Japan. The OCPs were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) monitoring. The results showed that β-hexachlorocyclohexane and hexachlorobenzene were one order of magnitude higher in China than in the other nations, whereas chlordanes and polychlorinated biphenyl levels were highest in Japan. Heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, toxaphenes and mirex were detected in most samples, and levels of these chemicals were significantly higher in Japan (0.8-4.5 ng g−1 lipid), followed by Korea (0.2-4.7 ng g−1 lipid), and lowest in China (less than 1.0 ng g−1 lipid). α- and β-endosulfans were detected at a range of 0.9-1.5 ng g−1 lipid levels in all samples analyzed, and their levels were higher in Korean than in Chinese samples. 相似文献
69.
Kazuya Yasuhara Hideo Komine Hiromune Yokoki Takeshi Suzuki Nobuo Mimura Makoto Tamura Guangqi Chen 《Sustainability Science》2011,6(2):219-232
Humanity faces an increasing possibility that unusual and extreme natural disasters will increase, compounded with climate
change, including global warming. These compound events are designated as compounded natural hazards in this study. A methodology
must be developed for predicting what events and risks will confront future societies, to propose countermeasures and adaptation
strategies against these events, and to evaluate the influences of compound disasters on infrastructure which is particularly
situated near coasts and rivers. Based on the above-stated background and demands, this study was undertaken with the intention
of upgrading the methodology for estimating effects on infrastructure of compound events such as increased typhoon and rainfall
severity caused by global warming occurring concurrently with a great earthquake in Japan. Such a methodology is expected
to contribute to progress in the fields of natural disaster mitigation and land preservation, particularly benefiting coastal
and river areas in Japan. Additionally in this study, risk and economic loss analyses for the possible occurrence of compound
disasters for coastal infrastructure and foundations are produced for establishing environmental strategies at the governmental
level. The authors further propose adaptation strategies and techniques as countermeasures against these events. 相似文献
70.
Makoto Tamura Motoharu Onuki Makiko Sekiyama Keishiro Hara Michinori Uwasu Nobuyuki Tsuji Gakushi Ishimura Noriyuki Tanaka Akihisa Mori Takashi Mino 《Sustainability Science》2018,13(3):849-860
The challenge for sustainability educational programs lies in how to imbue students with the strong motivation necessary to move the world in a more sustainable direction. Five universities in Japan have mutually collaborated in the design and development of a unique curriculum and education system for sustainability science since 2008. Specifically, they have developed a common and remote lecture system called the “Frontier of sustainability science” (FSS). This paper discusses the concepts and challenges of FSS and how it was organized to teach students to actively learn how to work with people of various disciplines to realize interdisciplinarity. 相似文献