Cu-Mn-Ce ternary mixed-oxide catalysts for catalytic combustion of toluene

Cu–Mn, Cu–Mn–Ce, and Cu–Ce mixed-oxide catalysts were prepared by a citric acid sol–gel method and then characterized by XRD, BET, H_2-TPR and XPS analyses. Their catalytic properties were investigated in the toluene combustion reaction. Results showed that the Cu–Mn–Ce ternary mixed-oxide catalyst with 1:2:4 mole ratios had the highest catalytic activity, and 99% toluene conversion was achieved at temperatures below 220°C. In the Cu–Mn–Ce catalyst, a portion of Cu and Mn species entered into the Ce O_2 fluorite lattice, which led to the formation of a ceria-based solid solution. Excess Cu and Mn oxides existed on the surface of the ceria-based solid solution. The coexistence of Cu–Mn mixed oxides and the ceria-based solid solution resulted in a better synergetic interaction than the Cu–Mn and Cu–Ce catalysts, which promoted catalyst reducibility, increased oxygen mobility, and enhanced the formation of abundant active oxygen species.     

独立学院教学中的四忌

独立学院的学生与母体高校学生相比有一定的特殊性。独立学院的教学如若完全沿用母体高校的方法和要求，势必会出现一些问题和矛盾。为此，在独立学院教学中，教师应注意四忌。     

高铁酸盐氧化絮凝去除含油污水中的油

油田产出的油、水经分离后会产生大量的含油污水,选用高铁酸钾对污水进行处理已成为人们关注的一个问题。用荧光比色法测定非均相固-液悬浮体系中油含量的实验证明:(1)高铁酸盐在含油污水中的初始反应速度快,可将大部分有机物氧化;(2)氧化法处理含油污水受多种因素的影响;(3)高铁直接氧化和芬顿氧化法均可比较彻底地处理油田含油污水。用高铁氧化法处理含油污水技术上很有发展前景,各种浓度的污水经处理后都可达到国家排放标准。     

Seasonal Variation of Chemical Composition in Fine Particles at Gosan, Korea

PM_2.5 aerosol samples were collected at Gosan in Jeju Island during six intensive measurement periods between November 2001 and August 2003. In order to investigate the chemical composition of fine particles, major ion components, trace elements, and elemental and organic carbon were analyzed. Quite different seasonal characteristic in the chemical composition of fine particles was observed. The concentration of most secondary aerosol components showed a summer minimum and a winter maximum with higher correlation between them at Gosan. This fact clearly reveals the possibility of long-range transport of such pollutants in winter. On the other hand, OC and EC had the highest concentration and good correlation with ion components, such as K⁺, Ca²⁺ in fall. It means that biomass burning could significantly influence the ambient fine carbonaceous particulate in fall, which was primarily long-range transported.     

参数化绘图系统的开发与应用

探讨了参数化绘图系统开发的基本算法、功能和要求及开发步骤,简单介绍了国内外参数化CAD的应用情况。     

Growth and phosphate uptake kinetics of Microcystis aeruginosa under various environmental conditions

Growth and uptake of exogenous phosphate by Microcystis aeruginosa in batch culture under different temperature, photoperiod, and turbulence were studied by the method of phosphate isotope tracer. Relatively high temperature, long photoperiod and strong turbulence increased the cell density of M. aeruginosa in these batch cultures. The initial rapid uptake of phosphate by M. aeruginosa was independent of the temperature, photoperiod, and turbulence. Similarly, maximum exogenous phosphate uptake was not related to these environmental factors. However, elevated temperature and turbulence shortened the time, required to obtain maximum P accumulation. The growth of M. aeruginosa could alleviate the phosphorous leakage. Total amounts of exogenous phosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa and the phosphorus leakage of M. aeruginosa were significantly influenced by the growth state of M. aeruginosa closely correlated with the environmental factors. The maximum volume of exogenous phosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa was 46% of added exogenous phosphate in water with 16 hours of photoperiod. Thus, total amounts of exogenous phosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa were more strongly affected by the photoperiod length than temperature and turbulence.     

水中典型光敏剂引发金雀异黄酮三线态敏化光降解机理

金雀异黄酮(genistein,Gs)在水体中频繁检出,其环境行为备受关注。为深入探讨水中溶解性有机质(DOM)激发三线态敏化Gs间接光降解的机理,以3-甲氧基苯乙酮(3-MAP)、亚甲基蓝(MB)、2-萘乙酮(2-AN)和2-苯甲酮(BP)模拟DOM引发三线态光敏化反应,阐明Gs发生间接光降解活性与敏化剂性质、pH值的关系。通过光化学实验结合密度泛函理论计算发现,激发态能量高的BP或3-MAP对Gs的敏化效率低,二者虽可与Gs发生能量或电子转移敏化,但对λ290 nm的模拟太阳光吸收少,因此激发态产率低;激发态能量低的MB或2-AN对Gs的敏化效率高,且随pH升高而增强,因二者能吸收较多的模拟太阳光,激发态产率高。以MB为例,发现Gs分子形态几乎不能被光敏化降解(pH≤5); Gs由一价阴离子逐渐解离成二、三价阴离子,kin增大102倍(pH 6～12),说明Gs不同解离形态的敏化光降解活性具有显著差异。因Gs阴离子更易发生敏化光降解,因此带正电荷的MB分子比中性分子态的2-AN更易与Gs阴离子结合,表现出更高的敏化能力,相同pH (9或12)条件下,敏化光降解速率相差25～47倍。敏化剂三线态性质及pH值对Gs光敏化降解的影响机理,对于深入认识化学组成复杂的环境DOM的光化学活性具有重要意义。     

混凝剂FAS的制备及性能研究

报道利用铜矿渣制取固体混凝剂ＦＡＳ。实验表明,该混凝剂具有优良的除蚀、除色、除ＣＯＤ、除硫性能,尤其对采用常规混凝剂难以除去的亲水性染料,ＦＡＳ有独特的去除效率。对各种模拟废水和实际废水,ＦＡＳ的脱色率为９５％,对ＣＯＤ的去除率则在９０％以上。本文还对ＦＡＳ的混凝脱色机理进行了初步的探讨。     

低pH、铝及钙铝比对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的生理生化影响

为探讨酸沉降对生物早期伤害的机理,研究不同ＰＨ条件下,铝及钙／铝比对斜生栅藻与磷和氮营养代谢有关酶活性的影响,结果表明,铝对酸性磷酶和硝酸还原酶活性有显著抑制作用,当ＰＨ为６．８和５．２,铝２为０．７ｍｇ／Ｌ时,酸性磷酸酶活性仅分别为对照组的４６％和５６％,而硝酸还原酶活性仅为对照组的３７％和３０％当培养基中适当量的钙离子,会一定程度保护藻细胞中这２个酶活性不受低ＰＨ及铝的伤害,钙的缓解作用取决于