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501.
502.
Adapting the RUSLE and GIS to model soil erosion risk in a mountains karst watershed, Guizhou Province, China 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Yue-Qing X Xiao-Mei S Xiang-Bin K Jian P Yun-Long C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):275-286
Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem in Guizhou Province, which is located in the centre of the karst areas of
southwestern China. Unfortunately, Guizhou Province suffers from a lack of financial resources to research, monitor and model
soil erosion at large watershed. In order to assess the soil erosion risk, soil erosion modeling at the watershed scale are
urgently needed to be undertaken. This study integrated the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with a Geographic
Information System (GIS) to estimate soil loss and identify the risk erosion areas in the Maotiao River watershed, which is
a typical rural watershed in Guizhou Province. All factors used in the RUSLE were calculated for the watershed using local
data. It was classified into five categories ranging from minimal risk to extreme erosion risk depending on the calculated
soil erosion amount. The soil erosion map was linked to land use, elevation and slope maps to explore the relationship between
soil erosion and environmental factors and identify the areas of soil erosion risk. The results can be used to advice the
local government in prioritizing the areas of immediate erosion mitigation. The integrated approach allows for relatively
easy, fast, and cost-effective estimation of spatially distributed soil erosion. It thus indicates that RUSLE-GIS model is
a useful and efficient tool for evaluating and mapping soil erosion risk at a large watershed scale in Guizhou Province. 相似文献
503.
504.
Jun Yao Qingna Kong Wenbing Li Huayue Zhu DongSheng Shen 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(4):775-783
Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash was allowed to be disposed of with municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfill sites in the recently enacted standard of China. In this study, three sets of simulated landfill reactors, namely, conventional MSW landfill (CL), conventional MSWI bottom ash and MSW co-disposed landfill (CCL), and leachate recirculated MSWI bottom ash and MSW co-disposed landfill (RCL), were operated to investigate the environmental impact of the co-disposal. The effect of leachate recirculation on the migration of Cu and Zn in the co-disposed landfill was also presented. The results showed that the co-disposal of MSWI bottom ash with MSW would not enhance the leaching of Cu and Zn from landfill. However, the co-disposal increased the Cu and Zn contents of the refuse in the bottom layer of the landfill from 56.7 to 65.3 mg/kg and from 210 to 236 mg/kg, respectively. The recirculation of the leachate could further increase the Cu and Zn contents of the refuse in the bottom layer of the landfill to 72.9 and 441 mg/kg, respectively. Besides these observations, the results also showed that the co-disposed landfill with leachate recirculation could facilitate the stabilization of the landfill. 相似文献
505.
Qingchun Huang Jihua Wu Yuping Kong Manhui Liu Song Cao 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):305-310
The photodynamic decomposition of two new insect-growth inhibitors (IGRs), 2-tert-butyl-5-[5′-aryl-2′-(1′,3′,4′-oxadiazolyl)methoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinones (OPB) and its 4-chloro substituted derivative (OPC), and effect of surfactants on persistence of their bioactivity were taken into investigation. Both chemicals were significantly induced to photolysis by ultraviolet light at 365 nm wavelength and their inhibitory activities against Pseudaletia separata larvae decreased with the increasing irradiation time. However, irradiation at 254 nm wavelength didn't cause their photodegradation. Triton X-100 and Succinic-sulfonie acidic sodium but not Tween 60 possessed strong capability to slow down the decomposition and obviously prolonged the half life of OPC in laboratory and field whilst effects of the three surfactants almost did not preserve the inhibitory activity of OPB. Data suggested that electron-withdrawing halogen (?Cl) on the π electron system in planar benzene-oxadialyl structures might reduce the efficiency of OPC on ultraviolet (UV) photoabsorption, and its hydrophobic interaction with the surfactants might be beneficial for forming stable micellar solubilization, thus sustaining the chemical's bioactivity. 相似文献
506.
Pollution characteristics and environmental risk assessment of typical veterinary antibiotics in livestock farms in Southeastern China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Na Wang Xinyan Guo Jing Xu Xiangji Kong 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):468-479
Scientific interest in pollution from antibiotics in animal husbandry has increased during recent years. However, there have been few studies on the vertical exposure characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in different exposure matrices from different livestock farms. This study explores the distribution and migration of antibiotics from feed to manure, from manure to soil, and from soil to vegetables, by investigating the exposure level of typical antibiotics in feed, manure, soil, vegetables, water, fish, and pork in livestock farms. A screening environmental risk assessment was conducted to identify the hazardous potential of veterinary antibiotics from livestock farms in southeast China. The results show that adding antibiotics to drinking water as well as the excessive use of antibiotic feed additives may become the major source of antibiotics pollution in livestock farms. Physical and chemical properties significantly affect the distribution and migration of various antibiotics from manure to soil and from soil to plant. Simple migration models can predict the accumulation of antibiotics in soil and plants. The environmental risk assessment results show that more attention should be paid to the terrestrial eco-risk of sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin, and to the aquatic eco-risk of chlorotetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. This is the first systematic analysis of the vertical pollution characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in livestock farms in southeast China. It also identifies the ecological and human health risk of veterinary antibiotics. 相似文献
507.
Yong-Ku Kong Sung-yong Lee Kyung-Suk Lee 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2018,24(2):218-223
Introduction. The purpose of this study was to validate the agricultural lower limb assessment (ALLA) ergonomic checklist, which was developed for various agricultural tasks in Korea. Methods. One hundred and ninety-six working postures were selected from the real agricultural tasks to verify ALLA, a lower limb body posture assessment tool, and then evaluated by 16 ergonomic experts. Hit rate, quadratic weighted κ, one-way analysis of variance and t-test analyses were applied to compare ALLA with other assessment tools. Results. ALLA analysis had a superior hit rate with ergonomic expert assessment compared with other assessment tools. Quadratic weighted κ analysis also showed that ALLA provided superior estimates of risk levels for farm working postures. Discussion. ALLA would be an appropriate assessment tool to estimate risk factors for various lower limb body postures which frequently occur in agricultural tasks in Korea. ALLA is a simple and accurate risk assessment tool that could be usefully applied to identify and mitigate risk factors and work-related musculoskeletal disorders in agricultural tasks, and also to evaluate the effects of control and intervention for working conditions. 相似文献
508.
采油污水的室内再现配置及静态混合器剪切强度研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了便于采油污水处理技术的开发和研究,以静态混合器为主体,设计、加工了一套采油污水室内再现配置装置,配置效果稳定,探讨了含油量、剪切速率等不同配置条件下的再现采油污水粒度分布、乳化度等性能参数以及配置过程中的压力损失,并总结出再现采油污水乳化度(%)与主要配置条件的对应关系表。研究结果表明,静态混合器的压力损失随着剪切速率的增大而明显升高,而随含油量增大呈现出基本稳定的状态;随着剪切速率不断增大,再现采油污水的整体油珠粒径变小,乳化度增大;对于低剪切速率,含油量和剪切作用在促进油珠粒径变化趋势的竞争中前者占优势,所以含油量越大,整体油珠粒径越大;对于高剪切速率,含油量和剪切作用在促进油珠粒径变化趋势的竞争中后者占优势,使得油珠平均粒径随含油量增大而略微降低,同时油珠粒径范围随含油量增大而变窄;随着含油量的增大,各种剪切速率条件下的乳化度均呈现明显的下降趋势。 相似文献
509.
Photosensitized degradation of bisphenol A involving reactive oxygen species in the presence of humic substances 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The photodegradation of endocrine disrupter bisphenol A (BPA) in the presence of natural humic substances (HS) under simulated solar irradiation was studied. BPA underwent slow direct photolysis in neutral pure water, but rapid photosensitized degradation in four kinds of HS, following pseudo-first-order reaction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed from HS were determined, including OH, (1)O(2) and H(2)O(2). The enhancement of BPA degradation by adding Fe(III) was primarily attributed to the oxidation of OH produced from photo-Fenton-like reaction. And the joint effects of HS and nitrate ions coexisting on BPA degradation appeared to depend on respective concentration levels. The effects of dissolved oxygen suggested that the energy transfer between excited state of SRFA and NOFA likely occurred, while the abstraction of phenolic hydrogen atom to reactive triplet state of NOHA possibly took place. Based on the structural analyses of main intermediates and degradation products of BPA detected by GC-MS, the possible photodegradation pathways were proposed, involving the alky cleavage, alkyl oxidation and OH addition. This study gave a better understanding for the photochemical transformation of BPA induced by ROS generated from natural water composition under sunlight irradiation. 相似文献
510.