农业面源污染特征及治理对策

随着社会经济的发展,中国农业面源污染日益严重,面源污染在很大程度上引起耕地退化,严重影响农产品的质与量.在概述农村面源污染特征的基础上,分析农村面源污染的影响因素,其中化学肥料、农药、畜禽粪便及养殖废弃物、生产和生活污水、生活垃圾等是面源污染的重要因子,从农作技术、水土保持及意识政策等多方面考虑提出农业面源污染的防治措施,并对中国农业面源污染的未来研究进行展望.     

层次分析法在泉州市和南安市大气环境质量评价中的应用研究

文章根据(GB 3095-2012)《大气环境质量标准》,依据地区大气环境实际情况选择SO2、NO2、PM10构建评价指标体系,采用层次分析法对泉州市和南安市2005年-2010年的大气环境质量进行了综合评价,并从地理位置、气候、经济和能源结构这四个方面分析比较两个城市的评价结果.结果表明:泉州市和南安市的大气环境质量均为一级,从分析结果来看南安市的大气环境质量整体较优于泉州市,这与南安市大气污染型企业较少、台风影响较大、植被覆盖率较高有直接关系.     

驯化SBR法处理磷钙废水的实验研究

采用驯化SBR法来处理明胶生产工序段的磷钙水,研究了该法的可行性及污泥活性抑制后的恢复措施。结果表明:驯化SBR法处理磷钙废水有一定的处理效果,COD去除率最高可达88%,除磷效果明显,24h去除率维持在85%;反应器运行7～8天后,污泥活性受高氯根和碳酸钙的积累而被抑制,经更换部分污泥和添加低浓度废水等措施,可使污泥生物活性得到恢复。     

Quantification of microcystin-producing and non-microcystin producing Microcystis populations during the 2009 and 2010 blooms in Lake Taihu using quantitative real-time PCR

Lake Taihu, a large, shallow hypertrophic freshwater lake in eastern China, has experienced lake-wide toxic cyanobacterial blooms annually during summer season in the past decades. Spatial changes in the abundance of hepatotoxin microcystin-producing and non-microcystin producing Microcystis populations were investigated in the lake in August of 2009 and 2010. To monitor the densities of the total Microcystis population and the potential microcystin-producing subpopulation, we used a quantitative real-time PCR assay targeting the phycocyanin intergenic spacer (PC-IGS) and the microcystin synthetase gene (mcyD), respectively. On the basis of quantification by real-time PCR analysis, the abundance of potential toxic Microcystis genotypes and the ratio of the mcyD subpopulation to the total Microcystis varied significantly, from 4.08× 10⁴ to 5.22× 10⁷ copies/mL, from 5.7% to 65.8%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between chlorophyll-a, toxic Microcystis and total Microcystis; the abundance of toxic Microcystis correlated positively with total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate concentrations, but negatively with TN:TP ratio and nitrate concentrations. Meanwhile the proportion of potential toxic genotypes within Microcystis population showed positive correlation with total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate concentrations. Our data suggest that increased phosphorus loading may be a significant factor promoting the occurrence of toxic Microcystis bloom in Lake Taihu.     

“十一五”河南省城市环境空气污染特征及原因分析

文章通过对平均综合污染指数,城市空气质量级别的变化对比分析,认为"十一五"期间河南省城市环境空气质量整体呈现改善的变化趋势。基于监测数据,从河南省城市主要污染物、污染特性空间分布、季节性污染特性等方面对环境空气污染特征进行了深入分析,并从污染负荷、气候影响、产业地域布局、产业结构调整、环境管理和污染防治措施等方面深入探讨了产生这种变化趋势和污染特征的内在原因。     

简析离子色谱在饮用水监测工作中的应用

随着社会的发展和人民物质生活水平的提高,人们更加注意身体健康,因而饮水安全也倍受关注。本文就离子色谱在环境监测中的应用和锦州市饮用水监测数据图表,集中阐述了环境监测工作对人们饮水安全保障所作的努力。     

基于烧结成型的红壤除磷填料开发

为了开发除磷填料，以红壤为基本材料，并以烧结温度、粉煤灰添加量、外加剂A用量和外加剂B用量作为4个因素设计正交实验，制造了不同配方的红壤烧结填料，进行等温吸附实验并利用Langmuir模型拟合最大吸磷量进行比较。结果表明，通过烧结可使粉末状红壤成型，同时提高了其除磷能力；对填料理论吸磷量的影响因素主次顺序为外加剂B用量、外加剂A用量、粉煤灰用量及烧结温度；通过比较理论吸附量，同时考虑到成本，可以确定正交实验结果中较优填料配方组成为（重量比）：61％红壤，30％粉煤灰，0％外加剂A，9％外加剂B，烧结温度1150℃，其最大理论的磷吸附量2．274mg／cm^2，单位除磷原料成本约0．047元／g．     

Photodegradation of bisphenol A in Fe(Ⅲ)-oxalate complexes solution

Introduction B isphenol A (2, 2-bis (4-dihydroxydiphenyl) propane) (BPA ) is w idely used as a raw m aterial for polycarbonate and epoxy resins. In previous studies, the residue level of B PA w as detected to be at a rather high level in natural w ater en…     

Photocatalytic degradation of AZO dyes by supported TiO2 + UV in aqueous solution

The photocatalytic degradation performance of photocatalysts TiO2 supported on 13-X, Na-Y, 4A zeolites with different loading content was evaluated using the photocatalytic oxidation of dyes direct fast scarlet 4BS and acid red 3B in aqueous medium. The results showed that the best reaction dosage of TiO2-zeolite catalysts is about 2 g/l and the photocatalytic kinetics follows first order for all supported catalysts. The photocatalytic activity order of the three series catalysts is 13X type >Y type >4A type. The physical state of titanium dioxide on the supports is evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, and FTIR.     

黄磷废水中氟化物的物化处理研究

本文利用向含氟废水中加入适量石灰和聚合氯化铝PAC ,然后投加适量钙盐、磷酸和聚丙烯酰胺PAM的二级处理工艺除氟。通过控制合适的 pH、钙盐和磷酸的投加量、反应时间、反应温度、搅拌强度和絮凝剂的投加量 ,确定了最佳的除氟工艺 ,可以使氟的浓度降至 5mg/L ,达到国家一级排放标准GB8978 1996。