全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1307篇 |
免费 | 12篇 |
国内免费 | 20篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 55篇 |
废物处理 | 56篇 |
环保管理 | 200篇 |
综合类 | 244篇 |
基础理论 | 256篇 |
环境理论 | 3篇 |
污染及防治 | 329篇 |
评价与监测 | 110篇 |
社会与环境 | 78篇 |
灾害及防治 | 8篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 26篇 |
2021年 | 32篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 35篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 39篇 |
2015年 | 30篇 |
2014年 | 47篇 |
2013年 | 62篇 |
2012年 | 65篇 |
2011年 | 74篇 |
2010年 | 55篇 |
2009年 | 73篇 |
2008年 | 61篇 |
2007年 | 80篇 |
2006年 | 55篇 |
2005年 | 54篇 |
2004年 | 57篇 |
2003年 | 45篇 |
2002年 | 47篇 |
2001年 | 33篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 22篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1339条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
141.
In many developing countries, political documentation acknowledges the crucial elements of participation and spatiality for effective land use planning. However, operative approaches to spatial data inclusion and representation in participatory land management are often lacking. In this paper, we apply and develop an integrated landscape characterization approach to enhance spatial knowledge generation about the complex human–nature interactions in landscapes in the context of Zanzibar, Tanzania. We apply an integrated landscape conceptualization as a theoretical framework where the expert and local knowledge can meet in spatial context. The characterization is based on combining multiple data sources in GIS, and involves local communities and their local spatial knowledge since the beginning into the process. Focusing on the expected information needs for community forest management, our characterization integrates physical landscape features and retrospective landscape change data with place-specific community knowledge collected through participatory GIS techniques. The characterization is established in a map form consisting of four themes and their synthesis. The characterization maps are designed to support intuitive interpretation, express the inherently uncertain nature of the data, and accompanied by photographs to enhance communication. Visual interpretation of the characterization mediates information about the character of areas and places in the studied local landscape, depicting the role of forest resources as part of the landscape entity. We conclude that landscape characterization applied in GIS is a highly potential tool for participatory land and resource management, where spatial argumentation, stakeholder communication, and empowerment are critical issues. 相似文献
142.
Michael B. Sonnen Bill B. Dendy Kris P. Lindstrom 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1981,17(3):394-398
Farmers from four irrigation districts in Texas and California were questioned about water conservation practices they are now using, those they plan to adopt, and potential incentives that government might offer to induce still further water conservation on their part. While responses differed somewhat from place to place and among individual farmers, the general results were: a) farmers reported that “water conservation” is not new to them, it is something they practice regularly; b) recent innovations such as laser controlled land leveling devices have permitted some substantial water use reductions in recent years; and c) even greater incentive mechanisms that government could provide and that farmers would accept as useful incentives, such as long term low interest loans for water saving equipment, would probably not be able to reduce water use in agriculture much further than 15 percent below current levels. It is recommended nonetheless that Federal agencies and local water districts and individuals should nonetheless pursue water conservation training and education programs, demonstrations of conjunctive use and water banking opportunities for water saving, and increased loan programs for installation of water saving equipment. 相似文献
143.
144.
Jaber?Aazami Abbas?Esmaili Sari Asghar?Abdoli Hormoz?Sohrabi Paul?J.?Van den?BrinkEmail author 《Environmental management》2015,56(1):260-269
The objectives of this study were to assess the biological water of the Iranian Tajan River using different metrics, i.e., a Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index (MMI) and a traits-based method. Twenty-eight physico-chemical parameters, 10 habitat factors, and abundance of macroinvertebrates were obtained for 17 sites. The Shahid-Rajaie dam divides the Tajan River into an up- and downstream part, with different land uses. Eighteen metrics were used to represent four components of ecosystem quality, including tolerance (Hilsenhoff, SIGNAL), diversity (Margalef, Shannon–Wiener, Simpson, and Evenness), abundance (total number of taxa, individuals, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, EPT, and Insects), and composition of assemblages (% Ephemeroptera, % Plecoptera, % Trichoptera, and % EPT Taxa). The integrated MMI was calculated by averaging the obtained scores of all indices. In the next step, we gathered information on 22 biological traits of macroinvertebrates to evaluate whether (group of) traits could be identified that are indicative for specific or general stress. Result showed a decrease in MMI from upstream (very good water quality) to downstream (bad) due to human activities. Industrial activities like pulping and papermaking operations or sand mining in the downstream part had more effects than agriculture and fish ponds in the upstream part. A redundancy analysis biplot showed the variation between the modalities of trait of macroinvertebrates and their correlation with physico-chemical parameters in Tajan River. The findings show that traits can be indicative for different kind of stress but that more effort has to be put in gathering data sets to disentangle the effect of habitat quality, pollution, and the physico-chemical properties of high- versus lowland rivers. 相似文献
145.
146.
Cuong Van Hoang Tuyen Quang Tran Yen Hai Thi Nguyen Lan Thanh Nguyen 《Natural resources forum》2020,44(4):311-333
Using secondary data from a socio-economic quantitative household survey of the North Central region of Vietnam, the main aim of our study is to analyze the causal effect of forest resources on household income and poverty. Based on the observed characteristics of a forest-based livelihood and forest-related activities, we use a propensity score matching (PSM) method to control for potential bias arising from self-selection. The PSM results indicate that households with a forest-based livelihood had a higher level of income and lower poverty rates than did those without. Interestingly, our findings confirm that a forest-based livelihood offers much higher income than any other type of livelihood adopted by local households. Also, the poverty rate among households with a forest-based livelihood is lower than those earning non-labor income or engaged in wage/crop and crop livelihoods. Among households and provinces, we find varying opportunities deriving from forest resources, suggesting that there are potential barriers hindering local households from pursuing a forest livelihood or participating in some forest activities. Therefore, government policy and regulations on forest management should focus on improving the access of households to forest resources, while enhancing the sustainability of these resources. 相似文献
147.
Herbert Van Hoogdalem Theo J.M. Van Der Voordt Herman B.R. Van Wegen 《Journal of environmental psychology》1985,5(2):153-179
This study explores the usefulness of comparative floorplan-analysis for the development of spatio-organizational concepts in architectural design processes.Each floorplan can be considered as a reflection of the goals and activities of the users as interpreted by the architect. By comparing a wide range of building layouts for similar organizations one may achieve a good understanding of the way organizational characteristics are (can be) expressed in spatial solutions. In the study reported here, in which 50 Dutch health centres were analysed comparatively, definite relationships between organizational and spatial concepts were found. This information is used both as a means to make organizational principles more explicit as well as data for briefwriting and design guidelines. 相似文献
148.
149.
Liesbeth Vossaert Imen Chakchouk Roni Zemet Ignatia B. Van den Veyver 《黑龙江环境通报》2021,41(10):1202-1214
Investigators have long been interested in the natural phenomenon of fetal and placental cell trafficking into the maternal circulation. The scarcity of these circulating cells makes their detection and isolation technically challenging. However, as a DNA source of fetal origin not mixed with maternal DNA, they have the potential of considerable benefit over circulating cell-free DNA-based noninvasive prenatal genetic testing (NIPT). Endocervical trophoblasts, which are less rare but more challenging to recover are also being investigated as an approach for cell-based NIPT. We review published studies from around the world describing both forms of cell-based NIPT and highlight the different approaches’ advantages and drawbacks. We also offer guidance for developing a sound cell-based NIPT protocol. 相似文献