光合细菌与酵母跨界融合子降解味精废水性能测定

为了筛选出能综合双亲优势的杂种细胞,为废资源化生产ＳＣＰ提供更为理想的菌株来源,将原核球形红假单胞菌细胞与真核酿酒酵母细胞的原生质体融合,构建成跨界杂种细胞。从中筛选出Ｆ１３,Ｆ１５,Ｆ２０三株高絮凝性融合细胞,在起始ＢＯＤ５浓度为１９１－６９０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ７．０,３０℃的味精废水中振荡反应７－８ｈ测得融合细胞双亲菌株降解利用有机污染物的系列的反应动力学参数μｍａｘ,ｑｍａｘ,Ｋｓμ,Ｋｓｑ,Ｙ     

基于PSR的围圩养殖区湖泊湖荡群水生态系统健康评价

以典型围圩养殖区江苏省里下河腹部地区的41个湖泊湖荡为研究对象,分析筛选了围圩养殖对生态系统影响的主要指标,基于PSR方法评价了湖泊湖荡群的水生态系统健康状况.结果表明,选取的养殖面积占比、斑块密度及退圩还湖政策规划等指标能够有效反映区域的围圩养殖特色,全面表征围圩养殖对生态系统压力、状态、响应的影响.评价结果显示,里下河腹部地区41个湖泊湖荡中综合指数等级健康的占比4.9%,亚健康的占比87.8%,不健康的占比7.3%.研究结果可为围圩养殖区湖泊水生态系统健康评价、退圩还湖及水生态修复规划提供重要的技术方法.     

介质阻挡放电等离子体老化微塑料及对Zn (II)吸附的影响

为了在实验中缩短微塑料的老化时间,更真实地模拟自然老化条件,采用介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体老化聚乙烯微塑料（PE-MP）和聚丙烯微塑料（PP-MP）,同时研究了老化前后PE-MP和PP-MP对Zn （II）的吸附过程和机理.随着放电时间延长和输入电压升高,微塑料表面出现微小裂纹或孔洞,形成含氧官能团.老化后PE-MP和PP-MP对Zn （II）的吸附容量分别提高了22.7%和14.8%.老化前后微塑料对Zn （II）的吸附均符合准二级动力学模型.颗粒内扩散模型表明,Zn （II）在微塑料上的吸附过程可分为快速吸附,慢速吸附和吸附平衡3个阶段.同时,老化前后微塑料对Zn （II）的吸附均符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型.热力学结果表明,微塑料对Zn （II）的吸附是自发的吸热过程.Ca²⁺、腐殖酸和低pH值不利于微塑料对Zn （II）的吸附.     

Development and application of a two-dimensional water quality model for theDaqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake

Water quality models are important tools to support the optimization of aquatic ecosystem rehabilitation programs and assess their efficiency. Basing on the flow conditions of the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake, China, two-dimensional water quality model was developed in the research. The hydrodynamics module was numerically solved by the alternating direction iteration (ADI) method. The parameters of the water quality module were obtained through the in situ experiments and the lab analyses that were conducted from 2006 to 2007. The model was calibrated and verified by the observation data in 2007. Among the four modelled key variables that were water level, CODcr, NH3-N and PO4-P, the minimum value of the coefficient of determination (CoD) was 0.69, which mean the model performed reasonably well. The developed model was then applied to simulate the water quality changes at the downstream cross-section assuming that the designed restoration programs were implemented. According to the simulated results, the restoration programs could cut down the loads of CODcr and PO4-P about 15%, however, they would have very little effect on the NH3-N removal. Besides, the water quality at the outlet cross-section would be still in class V (3838-02), indicating more measures should be taken to further reduce the loads. The study demonstrated the capability of water quality models to support aquatic ecosystem restorations.     

Characterizing spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in the soilsfrom mining-smelting activities in Shuikoushan,Hunan Province, China

The spatial variation of heavy metals in the soils in Shuikoushan mining-smelting area, Hunan Province, China, was investigatedusing multivariate and geo-statistic analysis. A total of 106 composite soil samples were collected in an area of about 100 km2.Concentrations of total As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Arsenic and Pb were found to have a common source, indicating the same sources and spreading processes, such as aerosols andairborne particulates from smelting chimneys. Airborne sources from smelting chimneys contributed greatly to Cd in the area, whichdemonstrated the same dispersion pattern as As and Pb. However, two hot spots of Cd around smelters were possibly enlarged bywastewaters, demonstrating another important source of Cd in Shuikouhsan. Geo-statistic interpolated mapping demonstrated that hotspotsof Zn were only found proximal to the large smelters, suggesting that Zn primarily came from the chimneys of larger smelters.The major Cu hot-spots appeared closely to the tailing dam, indicating that weathering and leaching of tailings were the major sourcesof Cu contamination in Shuikoushan. Our findings indicated that airborne volatile particles and aerosols contributed the most to As,Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu contamination, while Cd and Cu may also derive from the discharge of wastewater from smelters and the leachingof tailings, respectively.     

酚类化合物气相色谱保留指数的定量结构相关性研究

应用偏最小二乘回归技术建立了102种酚类化合物气相色谱保留指数与分子全息结构间的相关模型,在最佳建模条件下得到非交叉验证相关系数(r2)为0.965,交叉验证相关系数(q_LOO2)为0.963. 从102种酚类化合物中随机选出68种作为训练集,其余作为测试集,来验证分子全息QSRR模型的预测能力和稳健性. 在最佳建模条件对训练集进行偏最小二乘回归分析,r2为0.967,q_LOO2为0.927. 用训练集数据所建立的QSRR模型预测测试集中酚类化合物的色谱保留指数,结果表明,基于训练集所建立的QSRR模型具有很高的预测能力和稳健性,可以对测试集酚类化合物的气相色谱保留指数进行很好的预测. 此外,利用最佳全息定量结构保留关系(HQSRR)模型的色码图,探讨酚类化合物中的不同侧链基团对其色谱保留性质的影响,及其在固定相上的色谱保留机理.      

苯噻草胺在土壤中的吸附与解吸行为研究

采用批量平衡实验方法,研究了除草剂苯噻草胺在5种不同性质土壤中的吸附与解吸行为,并探讨了土壤有机质及溶液pH值对吸附的影响.结果表明,线性方程与Freundlich方程均能较好地拟合苯噻草胺在土壤中的吸附等温线.计算得到苯噻草胺在5种土壤中的碳标化分配系数K_oc在849.5～1?818.8 L·kg^-1之间,说明土壤对苯噻草胺有较强的吸附能力.苯噻草胺在土壤中的分配系数K_d、Freundlich常数K_f以及K_f(1/n)与土壤有机质含量均呈显著正相关.通过过氧化氢去除有机质后,土壤对苯噻草胺的吸附大大降低,说明土壤有机质是影响苯噻草胺在土壤中吸附的主要因素.对于同种土壤而言,苯噻草胺的吸附量随pH值的增大而减小.解吸实验表明,苯噻草胺在土壤中的解吸过程具有一定的滞后性,推测其在土壤中的迁移能力较差.     

滇池大清河河口二维水环境模型研究与应用

以滇池大清河河口为对象,根据其水动力特征,建立了二维水环境模型.其中水动力模块采用交替方向迭代法进行数值求解,水质模块中参数的取值通过2006年和2007年现场原位实验和实验室模拟实验获得,并利用2007年的实际监测数据对模型进行率定和验证.运用率定的模型,模拟了生态修复工程实施后大清河人湖控制断面的水质变化情况,以期为治理方案的优化和效果评价提供参考.     

炼焦过程挥发性有机物排放特征及其大气化学反应活性

利用不锈钢采样罐和全自动预浓缩/GC/MS系统,在58-Ⅱ型和JN43-80型焦炉顶测试了炼焦过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)中各组分的浓度,研究了VOCs排放特征,结合OH自由基消耗速率分析了这些物质的反应活性.研究发现,在装煤时刻和炼焦过程中,58-Ⅱ型焦炉产生的总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)浓度分别为7022 μg·m-3和6266μg·m-3;JN43-80型焦炉产生的TVOCs浓度分别为4185 μg·m-3和3298μg·m-3.装煤时刻产生的TVOCs浓度明显高于炼焦过程产生的.炼焦过程(包括装煤时刻)无组织排放的VOCs,包含烯烃、烷烃、芳香烃、卤代烃以及少量的醛和酮,其中乙烯、乙烷、丙烯、苯以及甲苯等为主要成分.这些产生的VOCs反应活性各不相同,活性最大的是烯烃类物质.其活性占TVOCs反应活性比重为86.2%±2.1%;其次是芳香烃类物质,其活性比重为9.2%±3.1%;反应活性最大的5个物种分别是丙烯、乙烯、1,3-丁二烯、1-丁烯以及苯乙烯.