气相色谱法同时测定指甲油中的苯系物和邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

建立指甲油中苯系物、邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(DMP,DEP,DBP,BBP,DEHP,DNOP)多种有毒有害成分同时检测技术: 用毛细管柱气相色谱分离,外标法定量,苯系物的线性范围为1×10^-2~100μg,邻苯二甲酸酯类为5×10^-2~20μg;苯系物的回收率为90%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)的范围为0.13%~0.92%;邻苯二甲酸酯类的回收率为92%~109%,相对标准偏差(RSD)的范围为0.44%~2.54%。结果表明,该方法简便、快速、灵敏、精密度好。     

Occurrence and behavior of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and lipid regulators in wastewater and urban river water of the Pearl River Delta, South China

Occurrence of five non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin and diclofenac) and three lipid regulators (bezafibrate, clofibric acid and gemfibrozil) was investigated in wastewater, sewage sludge, and river water of the urban section of the Pearl River at Guangzhou in South China. Behavior and fate of the pharmaceuticals during treatment in two sewage treatment plants (STPs) were also studied in depth by determining concentrations in the influents and effluents at major treatment units and the sewage sludge. Concentrations of the pharmaceuticals in the raw wastewater were mostly at ng L(-1) levels except salicylic acid whose concentrations ranged from 9.6 to 23.3 μg L(-1). No significant amount of the pharmaceuticals was detected in the suspended particulate matter of wastewater and sewage sludge. Salicylic acid, indomethacin, and naproxen were almost completely removed (≥ 99%); gemfibrozil, ibuprofen and bezafibrate were significantly removed (>75%), whereas diclofenac and clofibric acid were removed by 60-70% during treatment in the STPs. Generally, biodegradation was the governing process for elimination of the investigated pharmaceuticals. Anaerobic biodegradation was responsible for most of the removal of diclofenac whereas aerobic biodegradation also played an important role in elimination of the other pharmaceuticals except SA, which was nearly completely removed after the anoxic process. In the Pearl River, the pharmaceuticals were widely detected. Both the concentrations and detection frequency were higher in March 2008 than those in the other seasons, which may be ascribed mainly to less dilution caused by lower precipitation. Besides the STPs, urban canals directly connected with the Pearl River may also be important contributors to the pharmaceutical contamination in the river.     

不同灌溉模式下水稻田径流污染试验研究

为探讨不同灌溉模式下水稻田的产流规律和污染状况,为水稻灌区的农田水管理提供科学依据,本研究在常州市金坛和溧阳两地的野外水稻田开展非点源污染源试验,分别采用深水淹灌和干湿交替节水灌溉模式.在水稻生长季内,通过安装水位计和雨量计采集田面水水位和降雨信息,针对两种灌溉模式采取不同的方法计算径流量和氮磷流失负荷.结果表明,深水淹灌模式下,27场次降雨下有5场产生出流,还有1次人工排水造成了非点源污染,该灌溉模式下水稻田TN输出系数为49.4 kg·hm~(-2),TP输出系数为1.0 kg·hm~(-2);干湿交替节水灌溉模式下,最大降雨量达到95.1 mm时仍未发生产流.水稻田产流受到水稻需水量和灌排措施的影响,与田面水水位、降雨量和最低田埂高度直接相关;相较于传统的淹灌模式,干湿交替节水灌溉模式能明显减低由于降雨或者人工排水造成的非点源污染.     

一株盐酸黄连素降解菌的鉴定及降解特性

从某制药厂曝气池活性污泥中驯化和分离得到一株以盐酸黄连素为唯一碳源的降解菌株K3,通过菌体形态、生理生化反应特性和16S rRNA基因测序分析对其进行鉴定.结果表明,菌株K3为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri),该菌株利用盐酸黄连素生长的最佳条件为:接种量为10%,生长温度为30℃,pH值为7.0,摇床转速为150 r·min^-1.盐酸黄连素初始质量浓度为 50 mg·L^-1时,4 d的降解率为 42.7%.外加葡萄糖或乙酸钠时,4 d的降解率由42.7%分别提高到51.6%和47.9%.菌株K3对盐酸黄连素的最大耐受浓度为450 mg·L^-1.     

渤海湾有机锡污染对野生脉红螺的生态风险

研究了渤海湾有机锡污染对野生脉红螺的潜在生态风险.结果表明,在大神堂海域和南排河海域野生脉红螺性畸变发生率分别为12.5%和6.48%,交接器指数分别为9.61和12.45.脉红螺肌肉组织丁基锡和苯基锡浓度总和分别为39.04ng.g-1和46.48 ng.g-1,消化腺组织中为32.09 ng.g-1和109.03 ng.g-1.基于肌肉组织三丁基锡(TBT)浓度得出TBT对脉红螺种群的风险商为0.024.以上结果表明,渤海湾有机锡污染对野生脉红螺种群具有一定风险.     

Safety evaluation and ibuprofen removal via an Alternanthera philoxeroides-based biochar

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are a representative class of emerging contaminants. This study aimed to investigate the PPCP...     

合理选择劳动派遣规制事项

劳动派遣（又有临时劳动、代理劳动、租赁劳动等称谓）作为劳动弹性化所衍生出来的一种非典型雇用关系,自二战时期在西方国家出现以来,一直受到国家的规制.但西方国家和国际劳工组织对劳动派遣的态度和政策演变显示,对其已呈现出放松规制的迹象.     

中国可持续发展能力建设中人力资源开发研究

人力资源的开发是可持续发展能力建设的重要组成部分 ,也是国家财富存量的决定性因素。它涉及教育、培训、科技、扶贫、就业与劳动力转移、体制改革和国际合作等众多领域 ,直接影响到一个国家的可持续性。本文从实现国家可持续发展的目标出发 ,阐述了人力资源理论研究的进展 ,分析了中国人力资源能力建设的现状 ,并提出了相应的对策。